{"id":81201,"date":"2018-05-16T10:47:09","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T10:47:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/auzul\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T10:47:09","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T10:47:09","slug":"auzul","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/auzul\/","title":{"rendered":"Auzul"},"content":{"rendered":"

Auzul este unul din cele cinci sim\u021buri principale ale omului, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu v\u0103zul, mirosul, gustul \u0219i sim\u021bul tactil. Auzul este sim\u021bul care se ocup\u0103 cu alegerea sunetelor (unde longitudinale), care vin din afara corpului uman \u0219i le transmit, printr-un mecanism complex, care \u00ee\u0219i are originea \u00een ureche, cortexul temporal, \u0219i apoi c\u0103tre zona creierului care le poate primi \u0219i decoda. Undele sunetului sunt transformate din unde longitudinale \u00een impulsuri nervoase care sunt interpretate mai t\u00e2rziu de creier. Urechea omului poate detecta sunete cu frecven\u021be \u00eentre 20 Hz \u0219i 20.000 Hz, dar este sensibil\u0103 la sunete \u00eentre 1500 Hz \u0219i 3000 Hz. Aceasta este cea mai folosit\u0103 frecven\u021b\u0103 \u00een vorbire. Deficien\u021bele de auz pot s\u0103 apar\u0103 c\u00e2nd undele sonore nu sunt transmise c\u0103tre melc, \u00een momentul \u00een care leziunile \u00eentrerupt activit\u0103\u021bile nervului melcului sau c\u00e2nd c\u0103ile sistemului nervos central sunt implicate \u00een procesarea stimulilor de auz afecta\u021bi. Pierderea auzului este clasificat\u0103 ca fiind conductiv\u0103, senzorineural\u0103 \u0219i mixt\u0103, care depinde de partea afectat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Ce este auzul?<\/h2>\n

Sec\u021biunea periferic\u0103 \u0219i sec\u021biunea central\u0103 formeaz\u0103 aparatul auditiv din corpul uman. Sistemul auditiv periferic este format din urechea extern\u0103 \u0219i urechea intern\u0103, fiecare cu propriul rol. Conectarea urechii mijlocii cu nazofaringe este tubul lui Eustache \u00een care aerul intr\u0103 pentru a egaliza presiunea, pe ambele p\u0103r\u021bi ale membranei timpanului, care este timpanul. Acest lucru se nume\u0219te auz.<\/p>\n

Urechea extern\u0103 cuprinde pavilionul \u0219i canalul urechii externe care sunt responsabile pentru preluarea undelor sonore \u0219i le direc\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103tre timpan.<\/p>\n

Urechea mijlocie are sarcina de a prelua vibra\u021biile de la timpan \u0219i de a le transmite c\u0103tre urechea interioar\u0103, prin procesul a trei oase mici, adic\u0103 ciocan, nicoval\u0103 \u0219i sc\u0103ri\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

Urechea interioar\u0103, numit\u0103 \u0219i labirint are o form\u0103 complex\u0103 care o caracterizeaz\u0103 \u0219i are sarcina de a amplifica informa\u021bia auditiv primit\u0103 \u0219i traducerea acesteia \u00een mesaj neuronal: este format\u0103 \u00eenainte de \u0219urub \u0219i dup\u0103 vestibul \u0219i c\u0103ile semicirculare (\u0219urubul contribuie la sim\u021bul auzului, \u00een timp ce vestibulul \u0219i produsele sunt implicate \u00een sim\u021bul echilibrului).<\/p>\n

Sistemul auditiv central cuprinde nervii auditivi (sau vestibulul melcului sau nervul cranian 8) \u0219i cortexul temporal, care este partea din creier delegat\u0103 s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 percep\u021bia. Sarcina nervului auditiv este de a transmite creierului sunetul \u00een form\u0103 de impulsuri nervoase \u0219i de a \u00eel ob\u021bine \u00een cortexul temporal, care decodeaz\u0103 impulsul nervos primit de subiect ca sunet.<\/p>\n

Ce func\u021bie are auzul?<\/h2>\n

Auzul este sim\u021bul care se ocup\u0103 de sunetele venite din exteriorul corpului uman \u0219i apoi de a le transmite printr-un mecanism complex care \u00ee\u0219i are originea \u00een ureche, cortexul temporal \u0219i zona creierului care pot primi aceste impulsuri nervoase \u0219i s\u0103 le decodeze \u00een sunete \u00een\u021belese de subiect.<\/p>\n

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