{"id":81198,"date":"2018-05-16T10:42:03","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T10:42:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/sold\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T10:42:03","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T10:42:03","slug":"sold","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/sold\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0218old"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce este \u0219oldul?<\/h2>\n

\u0218oldul este una din cele mai importante articula\u021bii ale corpului uman. Permite persoanei s\u0103 efectueze activit\u0103\u021bi normale, ca mers, alergat sau s\u0103rit. Suport\u0103 greutatea corpului \u0219i for\u021ba exercitat\u0103 de mu\u0219chii prezen\u021bi \u00een \u0219old \u0219i picioare. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu um\u0103rul, este una din cele mai flexibile articula\u021bii care permite o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de mi\u0219c\u0103ri, \u0219i sprijin.<\/p>\n

Articula\u021bia \u0219oldului este realizat\u0103 din femur \u0219i osul pelvian. O structur\u0103 concav\u0103 prezent\u0103 \u00een osul iliac, cunoscut\u0103 ca acetabul, formeaz\u0103 un fel de buzunar \u00een care capul femurului este prezent. Ambele structuri iliace sunt acoperite cu un strat de cartilaj puternic, dar lubrifiat, care ofer\u0103 o suprafa\u021b\u0103 neted\u0103 \u0219i perne, c\u00e2t \u0219i evit\u0103 frecarea dintre oase, permi\u021b\u00e2ndu-le s\u0103 se gliseze unul de altul. Articula\u021bia este lubrifiat\u0103 de lichidul sinovial produs de membranele care \u00eenconjoar\u0103 cartilajul.<\/p>\n

Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 oasele \u0219oldului, exist\u0103 mai multe ligamente rezistente la prevenirea disloc\u0103rii articula\u021biei, inclusiv trei extra-capsulare \u0219i unul intra-capsular. Cele mai comune trei ligamente extra-capsulare includ: ligamentul iliofemural, ligamentul ischiofemural \u0219i ligamentul pubofemural. Se ata\u0219eaz\u0103 de osul pelvian (osul iliac, osul ischium \u0219i osul pubian) \u0219i \u00eent\u0103resc capsula, limit\u00e2nd mi\u0219carea excesiv\u0103 a articula\u021biei. Al patrulea ligament, cunoscut ca ligamentum teres, este un ligament intra-capsular care este ata\u0219at acetabulului \u0219i se \u00eentinde doar \u00een caz de dislocarea \u0219oldului, prevenind deplasarea. Mu\u0219chii localiza\u021bi \u00een aceast\u0103 regiune a corpului permit oaselor s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 unite, evit\u00e2nd riscul disloc\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

Bolile de \u0219old sunt cauzate de condi\u021biile de dezvoltare, r\u0103ni sau boli cronice. Simptomele unei boli de \u0219old difer\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de cauza bolii \u0219i zonei speciale a articula\u021biei \u0219oldului care cauzeaz\u0103 problema. Un exemplu, osteoartrita este cauzat\u0103 de degenerarea cartilajului din articula\u021bie. Odat\u0103 ce cartilajul a fost afectat, se afecteaz\u0103 \u0219i perna din osul \u0219oldului cauz\u00e2nd durere \u0219i inflamare. Este esen\u021bial consultul medical pentru a determina cea mai adecvat\u0103 form\u0103 de tratament (dac\u0103 exist\u0103) \u0219i prevenirea apari\u021biei altor complica\u021bii.<\/p>\n

Ce func\u021bie are \u0219oldul?<\/h2>\n

Func\u021bia principal\u0103 a \u0219oldului este de a sprijini greutatea corpului \u0219i de a contribui la agilitate. Articula\u021biile \u0219oldului sunt cea mai important\u0103 parte din re\u021binerea echilibrului. Mul\u021bumit\u0103 articula\u021biei, mersul, alergatul, s\u0103ritul \u0219i efectuarea tuturor articula\u021biilor este permis\u0103 prin mi\u0219carea piciorului.<\/p>\n

Capul femural poate efectua o mi\u0219care de 360 de grade \u00een acetabul \u0219i se poate roti aproximativ 90 de grade \u00een jurul axei. Flexibilitatea este combinat\u0103 cu abilitatea de a rezista for\u021belor care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 asupra corpului. Spre exemplu, \u00een timpul alerg\u0103rii, rezisten\u021ba corpului de a \u00eendura cre\u0219terii mi\u0219c\u0103rilor cu greutatea care este exercitat\u0103 din corp, f\u0103c\u00e2nd articula\u021bia \u0219oldului capabil\u0103 s\u0103 reziste la for\u021bele de pe durata \u00eentregului exerci\u021biu.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 \u0219oldul este afectat de o r\u0103nire sau de \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire, men\u021binerea constant\u0103 a func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii prin terapie fizic\u0103 este recomandat\u0103, sau \u00een cazuri mai grave, \u00eenlocuirea cu o protez\u0103 (artificial).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1792],"class_list":["post-81198","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-anatomie"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0218old - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0218old - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce este \u0219oldul? \u0218oldul este una din cele mai importante articula\u021bii ale corpului uman. Permite persoanei s\u0103 efectueze activit\u0103\u021bi normale, ca mers, alergat sau s\u0103rit. 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