{"id":81196,"date":"2018-05-16T10:40:17","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T10:40:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/muschi-involuntari\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T10:40:17","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T10:40:17","slug":"muschi-involuntari","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/muschi-involuntari\/","title":{"rendered":"Mu\u0219chi involuntari"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce sunt mu\u0219chii involuntari?<\/h2>\n

Mu\u0219chii involuntari, cunoscu\u021bi ca \u201dmu\u0219chii albi\u201d sau \u201dmu\u0219chii netezi\u201d sunt mu\u0219chii din corpul uman ai c\u0103ror contrac\u021bie este controlat\u0103 de sistemul nervos autonom. Mu\u0219chii involuntari includ to\u021bi mu\u0219chii ai c\u0103ror activitate este independent\u0103 \u0219i nu este afectat\u0103 de activitatea nervilor voluntari.<\/p>\n

Din punct de vedere histologic, mu\u0219chii involuntari difer\u0103 de mu\u0219chii voluntari deoarece fibrele din care sunt compu\u0219i nu cuprind stria\u021bii \u0219i astfel, sunt caracteriza\u021bi printr-o structur\u0103 aproape complet uniform\u0103, definit\u0103 ca musculatur\u0103 \u201dneted\u0103\u201d. Celulele care compun mu\u0219chii involuntari sunt traversa\u021bi de filamente sub\u021biri, numite miofibrile, care sunt par\u021bial contractile. \u00cen compara\u021bie cu mu\u0219chii stria\u021bi, mu\u0219chii netezi se contract\u0103 \u0219i se relaxeaz\u0103 mai \u00eencet.<\/p>\n

Mu\u0219chii involuntari sunt prezen\u021bi \u00een pere\u021bii sistemului digestiv, vaselor de s\u00e2nge, bronhii, uter \u0219i vezic\u0103. De\u0219i sunt forma\u021bi din fibre speciale de mu\u0219chi stria\u021bi care nu sunt netede, ace\u0219tia apar\u021bin grupului de mu\u0219chi netezi, ca \u0219i grupul de muchi ai inimii.<\/p>\n

Mu\u0219chii involuntari ai inimii, sistemelor respirator \u0219i digestiv func\u021bioneaz\u0103 automat. Aceste opera\u021biuni sunt declan\u0219ate de nervi \u0219i nervii sunt stimula\u021bi de lichide chimice complexe (cum ar fi acetilcolina \u0219i norepinefrina) care \u00eei \u00eenconjoar\u0103 \u0219i alte celule vii. Rolul mediatorilor chimice este esen\u021bial \u00een activit\u0103\u021bile de func\u021bionare deoarece pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 faptul c\u0103 dau via\u021b\u0103 contrac\u021biei involuntare, ace\u0219tia sunt esen\u021biali \u00een modularea activit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n

Bolile care afecteaz\u0103 mu\u0219chii involuntari includ ocluziunea (blocajul) arterelor coronare cauzat\u0103 de ateroscleroz\u0103 \u0219i \/ sau tromboz\u0103. Problemele pot duce la infarctul miocardic (infarct), \u00een func\u021bie de partea din miocard care este afectat\u0103 \u0219i severitatea bolii persoanei. Acest lucru apare deoarece arterele coronare sunt artere finale func\u021bionale \u0219i dac\u0103 una nu mai func\u021bioneaz\u0103, celelalte nu pot prelua regiunea pentru a compensa pierderea, spre deosebire de activitatea \u021besuturilor. De asemenea, exist\u0103 anumi\u021bi viru\u0219i care pot duce la miocardit\u0103 (inflamarea miocardului). Solicitarea celei mai adecvate forme de tratament este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru a preveni apari\u021bia viitoarelor complica\u021bii.<\/p>\n

Ce func\u021bie au mu\u0219chii involuntari?<\/h2>\n

Principala func\u021bie a sistemului muscular este mi\u0219carea. Mu\u0219chii sunt singurul \u021besut din corp care au capacitatea de a se contracta \u0219i de a mi\u0219ca anumite p\u0103r\u021bi din corp. Efectueaz\u0103 anumite func\u021bii, cum ar fi: permite corpului s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i men\u021bin\u0103 postura corpului \u0219i pozi\u021bia (stat jos sau \u00een picioare), stabilizeaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00eent\u0103resc articula\u021biile, \u0219i produc c\u0103ldura pentru men\u021bine temperatura normal\u0103 a corpului.<\/p>\n

Func\u021bia mu\u0219chilor involuntari este de a cauza varia\u021bii \u00een forma sau diametrul interior al organelor (mi\u0219carea substan\u021belor din interiorul corpului, favoriz\u00e2nd posibilele treceri sau excluderi ale con\u021binutului). Contrac\u021bia este regulat\u0103 de sistemul nervos autonom. Inima este un exemplu de mu\u0219chi involuntari.<\/p>\n

\u00cen momentul \u00een care mu\u0219chii involuntari ai organelor tubulare (cum ar fi vasele de s\u00e2nge \u0219i intestinul) se contract\u0103, ace\u0219tia provoac\u0103 o reducere a suprafe\u021bei pere\u021bilor \u00een care se g\u0103sesc fibrele musculare. \u00cen momentul \u00een care faza de contrac\u021bia urmeaz\u0103 dup\u0103 dilatare, suprafe\u021bele pere\u021bilor organelor se \u00eentorc la dimensiunile normale. Repetarea mecanismului este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru a permite reglarea tonusului vaselor de s\u00e2nge \u0219i duc la apari\u021bia mi\u0219c\u0103rilor vitale pentru bun\u0103starea organismului, cum ar fi peristalza intestinal\u0103.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1792],"class_list":["post-81196","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-anatomie"],"yoast_head":"\nMu\u0219chi involuntari - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mu\u0219chi involuntari - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce sunt mu\u0219chii involuntari? Mu\u0219chii involuntari, cunoscu\u021bi ca \u201dmu\u0219chii albi\u201d sau \u201dmu\u0219chii netezi\u201d sunt mu\u0219chii din corpul uman ai c\u0103ror contrac\u021bie este controlat\u0103 de sistemul nervos autonom. 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