{"id":81194,"date":"2018-05-16T10:37:59","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T10:37:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/articulatiile\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T10:37:59","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T10:37:59","slug":"articulatiile","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/articulatiile\/","title":{"rendered":"Articula\u021biile"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce sunt articula\u021biile?<\/h2>\n

\u00cen anatomie, termenul \u201darticula\u021bie\u201d se refer\u0103 la aranjamentul structurilor care p\u0103streaz\u0103 dou\u0103 sau mai multe suprafe\u021be osoase apropiate \u00eempreun\u0103. Astfel, articula\u021bia reprezint\u0103 un set de elemente (\u021besut fibros \u0219i \/ sau cartilaj, ligamente, capsule, membrane) care regleaz\u0103 conexiunea dintre dou\u0103 segment scheletice.<\/p>\n

O articula\u021bie este un punct din corp \u00een care oasele se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc. Ace\u0219tia fac posibil\u0103 mi\u0219carea prin flexibilitatea scheletului. Oasele principale care formeaz\u0103 articula\u021biile includ urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n

Articula\u021biile sinoviale: genunchi, \u00eencheietur\u0103, um\u0103r, cot, glezn\u0103 \u0219i articula\u021bii \u0219oldului<\/p>\n

Articula\u021bii semi-mobile: articula\u021bia m\u0103duvei<\/p>\n

Articula\u021bii fixe: articula\u021biile oaselor craniului sau pelvisului<\/p>\n

Articula\u021biile sunt clasificate prin c\u00e2t de mult\u0103 mi\u0219care permit (func\u021bie) sau din ce sunt f\u0103cute (structur\u0103). Cele mai multe permit mi\u0219carea liber\u0103, unele permit doar mi\u0219carea \u00een anumite feluri \u0219i alte nu permit mi\u0219carea. Prin utilizarea terminologiei \u0219tiin\u021bifice, vorbim de articula\u021biile sinoviale, articula\u021biile sinartrozei \u0219i articula\u021biile amfiartrozei.<\/p>\n

Cu privire la bolile articula\u021biei, cele mai obi\u0219nuite trei tipuri include: osteoartrit\u0103, boala articula\u021biei temporale mandibulare \u0219i dislocarea articula\u021biei. Osteoartrita este mai comun\u0103 boal\u0103 a articula\u021biei \u0219i apare \u00een momentul umfl\u0103rii articula\u021bii \u0219i dificult\u0103\u021bii \u00een mi\u0219care. Boala articula\u021biei temporale mandibulare face referire la boala articula\u021biei care afecteaz\u0103 falca \u0219i poate fi cauzat\u0103 de un num\u0103r de factori (cum ar fi mestecat, traumatismul f\u0103lcii, etc.). Dislocarea articula\u021biei este caracterizat\u0103 prin dou\u0103 oase care le separ\u0103. Poate fi cauzat\u0103 de c\u0103dere, impact brusc sau alt\u0103 form\u0103 de traumatisme.<\/p>\n

Ce sunt articula\u021biile sinoviale?<\/h2>\n

Articula\u021biile sinoviale, cunoscute ca articula\u021bii ce pot fi mi\u0219cate, fac referire la articula\u021biile care sunt capabile s\u0103 se mi\u0219te \u00eentr-o varietate de direc\u021bii (permit mobilitate). Lichidul sinovial umple articula\u021biile pentru a le face mai u\u0219oare. Aceste exemple includ articula\u021biile genunchiului, articula\u021biile cotului, articula\u021biile \u00eencheieturii, articula\u021biile umerilor, articula\u021biile \u0219oldului \u0219i articula\u021biile gleznei.<\/p>\n

Ce sunt articula\u021biile semi-mobile?<\/h2>\n

Articula\u021biile semi-mobile, cunoscute \u0219i ca articula\u021biile amfiartrozei, fac referire la articula\u021biile care sunt caracterizate de mi\u0219c\u0103ri limitate. Aceste exemple includ m\u0103duva.<\/p>\n

Ce sunt articula\u021biile fixe?<\/p>\n

Articula\u021biile fixe, numite articula\u021biile sinartrozei, fac referire la articula\u021biile care ofer\u0103 stabilitate anumitor zone ale corpului, cum ar fi articula\u021biile oaselor craniului \u0219i pelvisului. Acestea sunt caracterizate de continuitatea segmentelor osoase care sunt str\u00e2ns unite \u0219i sunt separate de un strat sub\u021bire de \u021besut conjunctiv fibros. Sunt numite \u201dfixe\u201d sau \u201dimobile\u201d, deoarece nu se mi\u0219c\u0103.<\/p>\n

Ce func\u021bie au articula\u021biile?<\/h2>\n

Principala func\u021bie a articula\u021biilor este de a permite mi\u0219carea \u0219i flexibilitatea. Acestea tind s\u0103 se clasifice prin unghiul mi\u0219c\u0103rii posibile, num\u0103rul de oase implicate \u0219i complexitatea articula\u021biei.<\/p>\n

Principala func\u021bie a articula\u021biilor care se mi\u0219c\u0103 este a permite executarea unei game largi de mi\u0219c\u0103ri, ca \u00een cazul articula\u021biei genunchiului sau cotului. Tipurile de articula\u021bii sinoviale sunt bazate pe forme \u0219i pot fi clasificate \u00een diferite forme: plan, articula\u021bie, pivot, condilii, \u0219a \u0219i minge. Articula\u021biile semi – mobile permit anumite mi\u0219c\u0103ri, c\u00e2t \u0219i ac\u021bionarea ca structuri de sprijin. \u00cen final, articula\u021biile fixe permit stabilitatea anumitor zone ale corpului (ex: craniu \u0219i pelvis), de\u0219i nu se mi\u0219c\u0103.<\/p>\n

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