{"id":81193,"date":"2018-05-16T10:36:59","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T10:36:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/rinichi\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T10:36:59","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T10:36:59","slug":"rinichi","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/rinichi\/","title":{"rendered":"Rinichi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Principala func\u021bie a rinichilor este de a oferi produc\u021bia de urin\u0103 \u0219i sunt organe \u00een form\u0103 de boabe de fasole. Corpul cuprinde doi rinichi \u0219i sunt localiza\u021bi pe fiecare parte a coloanei, \u00eentre vertebra 11 toracic\u0103 \u0219i vertebra lombar\u0103 2 – 3, fiecare rinichi are aproximativ 12 centimetri lungime \u0219i c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u0219te 150 grame. Rinichiul drept este localizat\u0103 sub rinichi, \u00een timp ce rinichiul drept este sub splin\u0103. Fiecare rinichi prime\u0219te s\u00e2nge de la o ramur\u0103 a aortei, numit\u0103 arter\u0103 renal\u0103. S\u00e2ngele curge prin artera renal\u0103 \u00een cele mai mici, acestea fiind numite arteriole. De aici, s\u00e2ngele curge \u00een glomerule care sunt fascicule de vase de s\u00e2nge microscopice numite capilare. Apoi, s\u00e2ngele iese din fiecare glomerul\u0103 printr-o arteriol\u0103 care se leag\u0103 de venele mici. Aceste vene mici, se unesc pentru a forma singur\u0103 ven\u0103 mare renal\u0103, care are func\u021bia de a transporta s\u00e2ngele de la fiecare rinichi.<\/p>\n

Ce sunt rinichi?<\/h2>\n

Rinichii sunt dou\u0103 organe secundare mici care produc urina. Cuprind partea exterioar\u0103, cortexul \u0219i o parte interioar\u0103, m\u0103duva. Fiecare rinichi este \u00eenconjurat de o capsul\u0103 rezistent\u0103 \u0219i neelastic\u0103 format\u0103 din \u021besut fibros, care con\u021bine parenchimul renal (\u021besutul func\u021bional al rinichiului), ramurile vaselor de s\u00e2nge, rinichi \u0219i tractul urinar intracranian (caliciu \u0219i o parte din pelvisul renal) care duc \u00een tractul urinar extra-renal (restul de pelvis renal, uretr\u0103, vezic\u0103 \u0219i uretr\u0103).<\/p>\n

Parenchimul renal, al c\u0103rei func\u021bii este de a produce urina, este format dintr-o por\u021biune de m\u0103duv\u0103, o dispozitiv central \u0219i cortical. M\u0103duva cuprinde 10 – 12 piramide renale care duc \u00een sinusul renal \u0219i prin caliciu renal, concentr\u00e2ndu-se produsul uretrei. Al doilea este format de corpusculii Malphigian<\/p>\n

Ce func\u021bie au rinichii?<\/h2>\n

De\u0219i sarcina principal\u0103 a rinichilor este de a produce urina din s\u00e2nge, \u0219i de a permite eliminarea reziduurilor prezente \u00een corp, aceste dou\u0103 organe sunt importante pentru func\u021biile corpului. Rinichii, spre exemplu, secret\u0103 eritropoietin\u0103, hormonul care promoveaz\u0103 maturarea globulelor ro\u0219ii s\u0103n\u0103toase sau de a secreta renina, o enzim\u0103 care joac\u0103 un rol important \u00een reglarea tensiunii arteriale din corpul uman. Rinichii proceseaz\u0103 vitamina D pentru a fi folosit\u0103 de c\u0103tre corp \u00een mod eficient. Prezen\u021ba unui singur rinichi s\u0103n\u0103tos este suficient\u0103 pentru a garanta performan\u021ba normal\u0103 a acestor func\u021bii. Rinichii au func\u021bia de a filtra \u0219i excreta reziduurile, spre exemplu, acelea din alimente procesate, medicamente \u0219i alte substan\u021be periculoase, cum ar fi toxine, acestea regleaz\u0103 \u0219i tensiunea arterial\u0103. Unul din principalele produse reziduale este ureea, care vine din metabolismul unei proteine, ureea trece liber\u0103 prin glomerul \u00een lichidul tubular \u0219i deoarece nu este absorbit, va trece \u00een urin\u0103.<\/p>\n

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