{"id":81178,"date":"2018-05-16T09:59:53","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T09:59:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/maduva-spinarii\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T09:59:53","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T09:59:53","slug":"maduva-spinarii","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/maduva-spinarii\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii este un element component al sistemului nervos central, care conecteaz\u0103 creierul cu restul corpului. Este un cordon longitudinal gros de \u021besuturi nervoase, care se extinde de-a lungul spatelui dorsal la nivelul vertebratelor, p\u00e2n\u0103 la corpurile vertebrelor, \u0219i este \u00eenchis \u00een canalul vertebral format din arcele lor neuronale; ea este continuat\u0103 \u00een partea anterioar\u0103 cu bulbul rahidian \u0219i emite semnale pe nervii spinali \u00een diferite p\u0103r\u021bi ale membrelor \u0219i trunchiului. Aceasta nu este doar o cale de impulsuri nervoase spre \u0219i de la creier, ci ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca un centru pentru realizarea \u0219i coordonarea multor ac\u021biuni reflexe independente de creier, \u0219i const\u0103, \u00een principal, din mult\u0103 materie alb\u0103, aranjat\u0103 \u00een coloane \u0219i trasee de fibre longitudinale, de-a lungul unui miez central de materie cenu\u0219ie, \u00een forma literei H \u00een sec\u021biune transversal\u0103 \u0219i este str\u0103puns\u0103 \u00een centru printr-un mic canal longitudinal, ce continu\u0103 cu ventriculele din creier, numite \u0219i medulla spinalis. De\u0219i nervii spinali aduc informa\u021bii c\u0103tre alte organe \u0219i p\u0103r\u021bi ale corpului, creierul trimite semnale c\u0103tre restul corpului.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ce-este-maduva-spinarii\">Ce este m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii?<\/h2>\n<p>M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii poate fi v\u0103zut\u0103 ca o coloan\u0103 de fibre nervoase, care se \u00eentinde \u00een interiorul coloanei vertebrale, \u0219i care conecteaz\u0103 creierul cu restul organismului. Av\u00e2nd \u00een jur de 1 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1,5 cm l\u0103\u021bime \u0219i de la 40 la 50 cm lungime, ea \u00eencepe la nivelul a\u0219a-numitului foramen magnum (sau gaur\u0103 occipital\u0103, o deschidere situat\u0103 la baza craniului) \u0219i se termin\u0103 la primul sau al doilea nivel vertebral lombar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ea este format\u0103 dintr-o substan\u021b\u0103 alb\u0103 (compus\u0103 din extensiile neuronilor) \u0219i dintr-o substan\u021b\u0103 cenu\u0219ie intern\u0103 (format\u0103 din corpurile neuronilor) \u0219i este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een patru zone (cervical\u0103, toracic\u0103, lombar\u0103 \u0219i sacral\u0103), fiecare dintre ele fiind format\u0103 din mai multe segmente, din care se separ\u0103 un total de 31 de perechi de nervi spinali, fiecare con\u021bin\u00e2nd fibre nervoase motorii \u0219i fibre nervoase senzoriale.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>De la cea de-a doua vertebr\u0103 lombar\u0103, m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een diferite grupuri de fibre, care formeaz\u0103 nervii direc\u021biona\u021bi c\u0103tre jum\u0103tatea inferioar\u0103 a corpului. Acest pachet de nervi c\u0103l\u0103tore\u0219te pe un traseu \u00een interiorul coloanei vertebrale \u0219i ia numele cauda equina, \u0219i apoi \u00eel p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te printr-un foramen neural.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii este \u00eenconjurat\u0103 de o membran\u0103, dura mater, care formeaz\u0103 un fel de pung\u0103 protectoare \u00een care curge fluidul cefalorahidian.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ce-functia-indeplineste-maduva-spinarii\">Ce func\u021bia \u00eendepline\u0219te m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii?<\/h2>\n<p>M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii apar\u021bine de sistemul nervos central \u0219i este structura care conecteaz\u0103 creierul cu restul corpului; nervii, care apar din m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii \u0219i sunt rev\u0103rsa\u021bi prin deschideri mici situate \u00eentre vertebre (foramina), se conecteaz\u0103 cu anumite p\u0103r\u021bi ale corpului. Tocmai datorit\u0103 acestui fapt, deteriorarea m\u0103duvei spin\u0103rii poate duce la paralizia anumitor p\u0103r\u021bi ale corpului, dar nu \u0219i a altora.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nervii din zona g\u00e2tului \u0219i din cap sunt conecta\u021bi cu partea superioar\u0103 a pieptului \u0219i cu bra\u021bele. Cei din zona toracic\u0103 inerveaz\u0103 pieptul \u0219i abdomenul. Cei din partea inferioar\u0103 a spatelui sunt direc\u021biona\u021bi \u00een schimb c\u0103tre intestin, vezic\u0103 \u0219i picioare. Luate \u00eempreun\u0103, toate aceste fibre nervoase coordoneaz\u0103 \u0219i controleaz\u0103 diferitele p\u0103r\u021bi ale corpului, organele \u0219i mu\u0219chii din organism.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, nervii poart\u0103 \u0219i semnale electrice de la periferia nervurilor corpului \u00een creier. Acest lucru ne permite s\u0103 sim\u021bim senza\u021bii diferite, de la c\u0103ldur\u0103 la durere. Chiar \u0219i afectarea nervilor poate declan\u0219a senza\u021bii, cum ar fi durere, furnic\u0103turi sau chiar amor\u021beal\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de zona fluxului.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1792],"class_list":["post-81178","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-anatomie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"M\u0103duva spin\u0103rii este un element component al sistemului nervos central, care conecteaz\u0103 creierul cu restul corpului. 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