{"id":81177,"date":"2018-05-16T09:58:46","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T09:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/stomacul\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T09:58:46","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T09:58:46","slug":"stomacul","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/stomacul\/","title":{"rendered":"Stomacul"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"ce-este-stomacul\">Ce este stomacul?<\/h2>\n<p>Stomacul este organul care prime\u0219te alimente de la esofag, dup\u0103 ce au fost mestecate \u0219i \u00eenghi\u021bite prin gur\u0103. Aici \u00eencepe procesul digestiv, care este posibil datorit\u0103 enzimelor digestive de la contrac\u021bia regulat\u0103 a stomacului \u00eensu\u0219i. M\u00e2ncarea este apoi trecut\u0103 prin intestine, unde procesul digestiv continu\u0103, permi\u021b\u00e2nd absorb\u021bia nutrien\u021bilor din alimentele ingerate.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Stomacul este un organ aflat \u00een partea superioar\u0103 st\u00e2ng\u0103 a cavit\u0103\u021bii abdominale. Din punct de vedere anatomic, poate fi considerat o extensie, \u00een form\u0103 de pung\u0103, a tractului digestiv. Stomacul este, de fapt, conectat direct at\u00e2t la esofag (de la care prime\u0219te alimentele, care trec printr-o structur\u0103 numit\u0103 sfincterul inferior esofagian), c\u00e2t \u0219i la intestinul sub\u021bire, de care \u00eel separ\u0103 sfincterul piloric, o supap\u0103 muscular\u0103 a c\u0103rei deschidere \u0219i \u00eenchiderea regleaz\u0103 golirea stomacului.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Av\u00e2nd aproximativ 25-28 cm lungime \u0219i 10-12 cm l\u0103\u021bime, stomacul este o structur\u0103 elastic\u0103, care poate varia \u00een form\u0103 \u0219i dimensiune \u00een func\u021bie de alimentele prezente \u00een el. Acest lucru este posibil datorit\u0103 pliurilor care \u00eei alc\u0103tuiesc peretele \u0219i care se \u00eentind pentru a extinde suprafa\u021ba, oferindu-i stomacului o capacitate de 1000-1500 ml.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Peretele stomacului este alc\u0103tuit din trei straturi sau tunici: mucoasa gastric\u0103, tunica muscular\u0103 \u0219i tunica seroas\u0103. Mucoasa gastric\u0103 este stratul situat la interior, care secret\u0103 sucurile gastrice \u0219i creeaz\u0103 mediul tipic acid din stomac, produc\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp mucus, care \u00eei permite stomacului s\u0103 se protejeze de procesul de digestie. Acest strat poate fi, \u00een schimb, \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een trei alte straturi: mucoasa (epiteliul care c\u0103ptu\u0219e\u0219te peretele interior al stomacului), muscularis mucusae (un strat de fibre musculare dense \u0219i netede) \u0219i submucoasa (un \u021besut conjunctiv \u00eempletit cu sistemul nervos enteric). Tunica muscular\u0103 este un strat de mu\u0219chi contractan\u021bi, care permite amestecarea alimentelor \u0219i poate fi \u0219i ea \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een alte trei straturi: longitudinal, circular \u0219i oblic. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, stratul exterior de acoperire, cunoscut sub numele de tunic\u0103 seroas\u0103, este responsabil pentru \u00eenveli\u0219ul complet al organului.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Caracteristicile acestor straturi variaz\u0103 foarte mult \u00een func\u021bie de zona stomacului \u00een cauz\u0103. Organul poate fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een mai multe p\u0103r\u021bi: fundus (partea superioar\u0103), corpus (partea central\u0103, care serve\u0219te ca rezervor pentru alimentele \u00eenghi\u021bite) \u0219i antrum pyloricum (care corespunde zonei din apropierea valvei cardiace \u0219i celei din apropierea sfincterului piloric). Canalul prin care esofagul se al\u0103tur\u0103 stomacului se nume\u0219te cardia, \u00een timp ce orificiul care leag\u0103 stomacul \u0219i duodenul este cunoscut sub numele de pilor. Zona superioar\u0103 este denumit\u0103 mica curbur\u0103 a stomacului , \u00een timp ce zona inferioar\u0103 este denumit\u0103 marea curbur\u0103 a stomacului.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Glandele care produc acid gastric sunt prezente \u00een mucoasa fundusului \u0219i a corpusului, \u00een timp ce glandele prepilorice produc cea mai mare parte a mucusului care protejeaz\u0103 peretele stomacal de procesul de digestie. Stratul muscular circular este continuu \u00een esofag, dar absent \u00een fundus. \u00cen schimb, grosimea acestuia cre\u0219te \u00een antrumul piloric. Stratul oblic este, totu\u0219i, prezent \u00een mod clar \u00een partea inferioar\u0103 \u0219i \u00een curbur\u0103 mic\u0103, disp\u0103r\u00e2nd totu\u0219i spre antrumul piloric.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ce-functie-indeplineste-stomacul\">Ce func\u021bie \u00eendepline\u0219te stomacul?<\/h2>\n<p>Func\u021bia principal\u0103 a stomacului este aceea de a permite ca alimentele s\u0103 fie transportate c\u0103tre intestine \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, s\u0103 fie supuse procesului de digestie. Sucurile gastrice \u0219i enzimele pornesc digestia gr\u0103similor \u0219i a proteinelor, prin descompunerea lor \u00een substan\u021bele care le formeaz\u0103 la \u00eenceput (acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i aminoacizi). Digestia carbohidra\u021bilor \u00een stomac este destul de limitat\u0103, datorit\u0103 mediului puternic acid prezent \u00een interior. De asemenea, stomacul este capabil s\u0103 absoarb\u0103 direct molecule cum ar fi apa \u0219i alcoolul.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Func\u021biile digestive sunt facilitate de contrac\u021biile cauzate de mu\u0219chii stomacului, care amestec\u0103 din con\u021binutul stomacului. \u00cen acest fel, este necesar un maxim de cinci ore pentru ca organismul s\u0103 poat\u0103 digera alimente solide din esofag, reduc\u00e2ndu-le la o substan\u021b\u0103 semi-lichid\u0103 (chim), care este trimis\u0103 \u00een intestin prin deschiderea sfincterului piloric, care se \u00eenchide imediat dup\u0103 aceea, pentru a \u00eempiedica revenirea chimului \u00eenapoi \u00een stomac.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Procesul digestiv este posibil datorit\u0103 glandelor gastrice, care secret\u0103 cele trei componente principale ale sucului gastric. Prima este enzima pepsinogen, care, dup\u0103 ce a fost transformat\u0103 \u00een pepsin\u0103, r\u0103spunde de descompunerea proteinelor \u00een aminoacizi. A doua este acidul clorhidric, care are nevoie de pepsin\u0103 pentru a-\u0219i \u00eendeplini func\u021bia. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, factorul intrinsec produs de glandele gastrice este esen\u021bial pentru absorb\u021bia vitaminei B12 \u0219i a fierului \u00een intestine.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1792],"class_list":["post-81177","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-anatomie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Stomacul - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Stomacul - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce este stomacul? 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M\u00e2ncarea este apoi trecut\u0103 prin intestine, unde procesul digestiv continu\u0103, permi\u021b\u00e2nd absorb\u021bia nutrien\u021bilor din alimentele ingerate. &nbsp; [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/stomacul\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@humanitasmilano\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/stomacul\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/stomacul\/\",\"name\":\"Stomacul - Humanitas.net\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-05-16T09:58:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-05-16T09:58:46+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/stomacul\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/stomacul\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/stomacul\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Enciclopedia\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/enciclopedia\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Stomacul\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/\",\"name\":\"Humanitas.net\",\"description\":\"Humanitas Hospital\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Humanitas\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/new-humanitas-logo-1.svg\",\"width\":1,\"height\":1,\"caption\":\"Humanitas\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HumanitasInternational\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/humanitasmilano\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Stomacul - Humanitas.net","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"Stomacul - Humanitas.net","og_description":"Ce este stomacul? Stomacul este organul care prime\u0219te alimente de la esofag, dup\u0103 ce au fost mestecate \u0219i \u00eenghi\u021bite prin gur\u0103. Aici \u00eencepe procesul digestiv, care este posibil datorit\u0103 enzimelor digestive de la contrac\u021bia regulat\u0103 a stomacului \u00eensu\u0219i. 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