{"id":81173,"date":"2018-05-16T09:51:57","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T09:51:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/timusul\/"},"modified":"2018-05-16T09:51:57","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T09:51:57","slug":"timusul","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/timusul\/","title":{"rendered":"Timusul"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Timusul este o gland\u0103 situat\u0103 \u00een partea anterioar\u0103 a cavit\u0103\u021bii toracice, \u00een fa\u021ba traheei, iar func\u021bia sa principal\u0103 este de a asigura maturarea celulelor T. Celulele T sunt un tip de celule albe din s\u00e2nge, care joac\u0103 un rol cheie \u00een sistemul imunitar. Aceast\u0103 gland\u0103 se dezvolt\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd ajunge la glanda tiroid\u0103 cu partea superioar\u0103 \u0219i la cel de-al patrulea cartilaj lateral cu cea inferioar\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ce-este-glanda-timus\">Ce este glanda timus?<\/h2>\n<p>Timusul este glanda \u00een care are loc maturarea limfocitelor T. El este compus din doi lobi de dimensiuni diferite, lega\u021bi \u00eempreun\u0103 prin \u021besut conjunctiv \u0219i acoperite de o capsul\u0103 fibroas\u0103 sub\u021bire. \u00cen fiecare lob exist\u0103 o regiune superficial\u0103 de \u021besut ,denumit\u0103 cortex, precum \u0219i o regiune ad\u00e2nc\u0103, cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de medul\u0103. Unele celule T produse \u00een cortex se deplaseaz\u0103 la medul\u0103, de unde intr\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge prin venele medulare \u0219i devin o ad\u0103ugare la limfocitele prezente \u00een s\u00e2ngele periferic \u0219i organele limfoide.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Stratul exterior al glandei este umplut cu timocite sau celule care reprezint\u0103 etape diferite de maturizare a celulelor T, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu celulele limfoide &#8220;nou-n\u0103scute&#8221; din m\u0103duva osoas\u0103 \u0219i celulele T imature. Partea interioar\u0103 a acestei glande este format\u0103 din dou\u0103 regiuni medulare, care continu\u0103 unul \u00een altul, \u0219i care con\u021bin, de asemenea, limfocite mature \u0219i celule epiteliale care secret\u0103 hormoni (timostimolina, timopoietina, timopentina, timosinul etc).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd celulele T sunt\u00a0 pe deplin mature, ele intr\u0103 \u00een fluxul sanguin \u0219i migreaz\u0103 c\u0103tre glandele limfatice \u0219i splin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Produc\u021bia de celule T din glanda timus \u00eencepe \u00een via\u021ba embrionar\u0103, \u00een jurul celei de-a opta s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni de gesta\u021bie. Activitatea acestei glande, care este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru sistemul imunitar, scade odat\u0103 cu trecerea timpului: \u00eencepe s\u0103 scad\u0103 \u00een timpul pubert\u0103\u021bii \u0219i se mic\u0219oreaz\u0103 spre maturitate, determin\u00e2nd producerea unei cantit\u0103\u021bi mici de celule T. Re\u00eennoirea acestor celule este efectuat\u0103 \u00een mod continuu \u00een organele limfoide periferice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Principala aprovizionare arterial\u0103 a glandei timusului este asigurat\u0103 prin arterele intercostale anterioare \u0219i ramurile mici din arterele toracice interne. S\u00e2ngele venos se scurge \u00een venele brahiocefalice \u0219i toracice st\u00e2ngi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ce-functie-indeplineste-glanda-timus\">Ce func\u021bie \u00eendepline\u0219te glanda timus?<\/h2>\n<p>Func\u021bia principal\u0103 a glandei timus este de a primi celule T imature de la m\u0103duva osoas\u0103 \u0219i de a le asigura maturarea acestora. Odat\u0103 ce dob\u00e2ndesc competen\u021be imunitare prin maturizarea complet\u0103, aceste celule migreaz\u0103 prin fluxul sanguin \u00een centrele limfoide periferice (splin\u0103 \u0219i ganglioni limfatici). Din centrele periferice se pot deplaseaz\u0103 apoi la locurile \u00een care exist\u0103 o prezen\u021b\u0103 de antigeni (adic\u0103 acele substan\u021be care pot induce reac\u021bii ale sistemului imun) \u0219i pot elibera factori citotoxici (toxici pentru celule) \u0219i activatori ai macrofagelor (celule fagocitare).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mai mult dec\u00e2t at\u00e2t, glanda timus este responsabil\u0103 pentru a instrui sau a programa celulele T s\u0103 nu atace propriile \u021besuturi ale organismului. Aceasta este men\u021bionat\u0103 ca autoimunitate, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 celulele T pot ac\u021biona ca auto-antigene \u0219i pot reac\u021biona \u00eempotriva \u021besutului organismului.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1792],"class_list":["post-81173","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-anatomie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Timusul - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Timusul - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Timusul este o gland\u0103 situat\u0103 \u00een partea anterioar\u0103 a cavit\u0103\u021bii toracice, \u00een fa\u021ba traheei, iar func\u021bia sa principal\u0103 este de a asigura maturarea celulelor T. 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