{"id":80630,"date":"2018-04-13T11:29:02","date_gmt":"2018-04-13T11:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/iodul\/"},"modified":"2018-04-13T11:29:02","modified_gmt":"2018-04-13T11:29:02","slug":"iodul","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/wiki\/iodul\/","title":{"rendered":"Iodul"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce este iodul?<\/h2>\n

Iodul este un oligoelement, esen\u021bial pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea organismului. Organismul are nevoie de iod pentru a face hormoni tiroidieni, care sunt esen\u021biali pentru cre\u0219terea \u0219i dezvoltarea sa adecvat\u0103.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Care este func\u021bia iodului?<\/h2>\n

Iodul este o component\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 a hormonilor tiroidieni \u0219i un element important pentru reglarea func\u021biilor acestor hormoni. Ace\u0219tia includ controlul temperaturii corpului, metabolismul zaharurilor, gr\u0103similor \u0219i proteinelor, metabolismul bazal \u0219i dezvoltarea sistemului nervos central \u0219i a scheletului,<\/p>\n

at\u00e2t \u00een timpul gesta\u021biei, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een timpul copil\u0103riei. Iodul efectueaz\u0103 \u0219i alte activit\u0103\u021bi biologice, la nivelul sistemului imunitar.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ce alimente sunt bogate \u00een iod?<\/h2>\n

Principala surs\u0103 de iod este dieta cu pe\u0219te. Chiar \u0219i algele con\u021bin cantit\u0103\u021bi importante de iod. El este prezent \u00een doze foarte variabile \u0219i \u00een alte alimente, cum ar fi laptele, ou\u0103le, carnea \u0219i cerealele. Fructele \u0219i legumele pot con\u021bine iod; totu\u0219i, cantit\u0103\u021bile depind \u00een general de prezen\u021ba iodului \u00een solul \u00een care au fost cultivate, de utilizarea de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte \u0219i de practicile de irigare. Aceast\u0103 variabilitate \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 adesea cantit\u0103\u021bile de iod nu sunt suficiente pentru a satisface nevoile organismului. Din cauza asta, Ministerul S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii a desemnat Organiza\u021bia Mondial\u0103 a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii ca fiind responsabil\u0103 cu prevenirea deficien\u021belor, prin utilizarea de sare iodat\u0103 \u00een locul celei comune.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Care este cerin\u021ba zilnic\u0103 recomandat\u0103 de iod?<\/h2>\n

Consumul zilnic de iod recomandat pentru un adult este egal cu 150 micrograme. Cerin\u021bele variaz\u0103 totu\u0219i, \u00een func\u021bie de v\u00e2rsta individului, iar dozele pot fi mai mari la femeile \u00eens\u0103rcinate sau care al\u0103pteaz\u0103, ajung\u00e2nd la 220 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 290 micrograme pe zi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Care sunt consecin\u021bele deficien\u021bei de iod?<\/h2>\n

Deficitul de iod are mai multe efecte negative \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te cre\u0219terea \u0219i dezvoltarea \u0219i este principalul factor de risc modificabil pentru \u00eent\u00e2rzierea mintal\u0103. O posibil\u0103 consecin\u021b\u0103 a deficien\u021bei de iod este produc\u021bia insuficient\u0103 de hormoni tiroidieni, care \u00een timpul sarcinii \u0219i copil\u0103riei timpurii poate provoca efecte secundare ireversibile. De exemplu, \u00een timpul gesta\u021biei, poate provoca avorturi, cretinism, spasticitate motorie, surditate, \u00eent\u00e2rzieri \u00een dezvoltare \u0219i un risc crescut de tulburare de deficitului de aten\u021bie fizic\u0103 \u0219i sexual\u0103\/hiperactivitate. La copii, deficien\u021bele u\u0219oare pot reduce nivelul IQ. La adul\u021bi, deficitul de iod poate duce la hipotiroidism, adesea asociat cu gu\u0219a. Alte probleme posibile pot include afectarea func\u021biilor mentale \u0219i a eficien\u021bei muncii \u0219i, \u00een caz de penurie cronic\u0103, exist\u0103 posibilitatea unui risc crescut de cancer tiroidian folicular.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Care sunt consecin\u021bele aportului excesiv de iod?<\/h2>\n

Consumul excesiv de iod poate duce la unele dintre simptomele declan\u0219ate de deficitul s\u0103u, inclusiv hipotiroidismul \u0219i gu\u0219a. Alte posibile consecin\u021be sunt hipertiroidia, tiroidita \u0219i cancerul tiroidian papilar. Intoxica\u021biile acute sunt rare, de\u0219i, c\u00e2nd apar, simptomele includ adesea arsuri ale gurii, g\u00e2tului \u0219i stomacului, febr\u0103, dureri abdominale, grea\u021b\u0103, v\u0103rs\u0103turi \u0219i diaree, puls slab \u0219i com\u0103.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 administrarea de iod este bun\u0103 pentru func\u021bia tiroidian\u0103?<\/h2>\n

Da, este adev\u0103rat. Hormonul TSH, care cre\u0219te absorb\u021bia iodului de c\u0103tre glanda tiroid\u0103, regleaz\u0103 func\u021bia tiroidian\u0103. Astfel, o face util\u0103 \u00een stimularea sintezei hormonilor tiroidieni. Un aport adecvat de iod previne deficien\u021bele care cauzeaz\u0103 inflamarea glandei tiroide \u00een \u00eencercarea de a absorbi acest mineral.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1779],"class_list":["post-80630","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-minerale"],"yoast_head":"\nIodul - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Iodul - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce este iodul? Iodul este un oligoelement, esen\u021bial pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea organismului. Organismul are nevoie de iod pentru a face hormoni tiroidieni, care sunt esen\u021biali pentru cre\u0219terea \u0219i dezvoltarea sa adecvat\u0103.   Care este func\u021bia iodului? Iodul este o component\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 a hormonilor tiroidieni \u0219i un element important pentru reglarea func\u021biilor acestor hormoni. 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