{"id":70822,"date":"2017-05-22T14:08:05","date_gmt":"2017-05-22T14:08:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/miastenia-gravis\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:49:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:49:20","slug":"miastenia-gravis","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/diseases\/miastenia-gravis\/","title":{"rendered":"Miastenia gravis"},"content":{"rendered":"

Miastenia gravis este definit\u0103 prin sl\u0103biciune \u0219i oboseal\u0103 rapid\u0103 a oric\u0103rui mu\u0219chi prin control voluntar. Este cauzat\u0103 de un colaps în comunicarea normal\u0103 dintre nervi \u0219i mu\u0219chi.<\/p>\n

Nu exist\u0103 nici un tratament pentru boal\u0103, dar tratamentele pot ameliora simptomele, cum ar fi sl\u0103biciunea membrelor, vedere dubl\u0103, înecarea \u0219i respira\u021bia.<\/p>\n

Miastenia gravis poate afecta oameni de orice vârst\u0103, dar apare în mod normal la femeile mai tinere de 40 de ani \u0219i la b\u0103rba\u021bii mai b\u0103trâni de 60 de ani.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptome<\/h2>\n

Miastenia gravis poate cauza sl\u0103biciunea mu\u0219chilor care se înr\u0103ut\u0103\u021be\u0219te prin utilizarea repetat\u0103 a mu\u0219chilor afecta\u021bi. Simptomele de obicei se amelioreaz\u0103 odat\u0103 cu odihna; totu\u0219i, boala avanseaz\u0103 în timp pân\u0103 ce simptomele ating cele mai rele nivele.<\/p>\n

Simptomele miasteniei gravis pot include:<\/p>\n

C\u0103derea uneia sau a ambelor pleoape (ptoz\u0103)<\/p>\n

Vedere dubl\u0103 (diplopie), care poate fi orizontal\u0103 sau vertical\u0103<\/p>\n

Vorbire afectat\u0103<\/p>\n

Dificultate în a înghi\u021bi<\/p>\n

Probleme de mestecare<\/p>\n

Expresii faciale limitate<\/p>\n

Sl\u0103birea mu\u0219chilor din membre, gât, ochi sau fa\u021b\u0103<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cauze<\/h2>\n

Anticorpi<\/p>\n

Nervii comunic\u0103 cu mu\u0219chii prin eliberarea chimicalelor (neurotransmi\u021b\u0103tori) în locurilor receptorilor din celulele mu\u0219chilor la articula\u021bia nervilor musculari.<\/p>\n

Miastenia gravis provoac\u0103 producerea de anticorpi care blocheaz\u0103 sau distrug locurilor receptorilor musculari pentru un neurotransmi\u021b\u0103tor numit acetilcolin\u0103.<\/p>\n

Mai pu\u021bine locuri de receptori înseamn\u0103 c\u0103 mu\u0219chii primesc mai pu\u021bine semnale nervoase, care au ca rezultat sl\u0103biciunea. Anticorpii pot bloca func\u021bia proteinei numit\u0103 receptor specific pentru mu\u0219chi tirozinchinaz\u0103 care este implicat\u0103 în formarea articula\u021biei nervilor musculari.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Glanda timus<\/p>\n

Exper\u021bii cred c\u0103 glanda timus, o parte a sistemului imunitar localizat în partea superioar\u0103 a pieptului sub osul pieptului, poate declan\u0219a sau men\u021bine produc\u021bia de anticorpi care blocheaz\u0103 acetilcolina.<\/p>\n

La adul\u021bii cu miastenia gravis, glanda timus este anormal de mare. În unele cazuri, tumorile pot s\u0103 apar\u0103 pe timus (timom) dar sunt benigne.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Alte cauze<\/p>\n

Miastenia gravis care este cauzat\u0103 de al\u021bi factori este numit\u0103 miastenia gravis negativ\u0103 anticorpilor. Anticorpii împotriva altei proteine numit\u0103 proteina 4 aferent\u0103 lipoproteinei pot contribui la apari\u021bia bolii. Mai multe, factorii genetici pot fi asocia\u021bi cu apari\u021bia miasteniei gravis neonatale \u0219i sindromului congenital de miastenie.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Factorii care pot înr\u0103ut\u0103\u021bii boala<\/p>\n

Oboseala<\/p>\n

Boala<\/p>\n

Stresul<\/p>\n

C\u0103ldura extrem\u0103<\/p>\n

Anumite medicamente (beta – blocante, gluconat de chinidin\u0103, sulfat de chinidin\u0103, chinin\u0103, anumite anestezice \u0219i antibiotice) <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Complica\u021bii<\/h2>\n

Criza de miastenie<\/p>\n

Criza de miastenie este o boal\u0103 care amenin\u021b\u0103 via\u021ba \u0219i care apare odat\u0103 cu sl\u0103birea mu\u0219chilor care controleaz\u0103 respira\u021bia. Tratamentul de urgen\u021b\u0103 poate fi oferit prin asisten\u021ba mecanic\u0103 a respira\u021biei. Medicamentele \u0219i terapia cu filtrarea sângelui pot ajuta la reob\u021binerea abilit\u0103\u021bii de respira\u021bie.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tumora timusului<\/p>\n

Tumorile benigne ale timusului (timom) sunt descoperite la în jur de 15% din cazurile de miastenia gravis.<\/p>\n

Alte boli<\/p>\n

Tiroida supraactiv\u0103 \u0219i subactiv\u0103 (fluctua\u021biile hormonilor care reguleaz\u0103 metabolismul)<\/p>\n

Bolile autoimune (artrita reumatoid\u0103 sau lupusul)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-70822","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nMiastenia gravis - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Miastenia gravis - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Miastenia gravis este definit\u0103 prin sl\u0103biciune \u0219i oboseal\u0103 rapid\u0103 a oric\u0103rui mu\u0219chi prin control voluntar. Este cauzat\u0103 de un colaps în comunicarea normal\u0103 dintre nervi \u0219i mu\u0219chi. 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