{"id":70726,"date":"2017-05-22T11:54:21","date_gmt":"2017-05-22T11:54:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/ischemie-intestinala\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:48:00","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:48:00","slug":"ischemie-intestinala","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/diseases\/ischemie-intestinala\/","title":{"rendered":"Ischemie intestinal\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ischemia intestinal\u0103 apare când arterele intestinelor sunt blocate sau îngustate, diminuând circula\u021bia sângelui. Poate afecta intestinul sub\u021bire, gros sau ambele. Circula\u021bia sângelui diminuat\u0103 poate provoca durere \u0219i afectarea permanent\u0103 a intestinelor.<\/p>\n

Ischemia intestinal\u0103 acut\u0103 este un caz de urgen\u021b\u0103, cu pierdere mare a circula\u021biei sângelui care necesit\u0103 opera\u021bie imediat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Ischemia cronic\u0103 intestinal\u0103 care apare în timp necesit\u0103 tratament pentru a nu deveni acut\u0103 sau s\u0103 nu aib\u0103 ca rezultat pierderea în greutate \u0219i înfometarea.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptome<\/h2>\n

Simptomele pot s\u0103 apar\u0103 brusc (acut\u0103) sau treptat în timp (cronic\u0103):<\/p>\n

Simptomele ischemiei acute intestinale<\/p>\n

Abdomen umflat<\/p>\n

Durere brusc\u0103 a abdomenului care poate fi de la u\u0219oar\u0103 la sever\u0103<\/p>\n

Mi\u0219c\u0103ri frecvente ale intestinului<\/p>\n

Sânge în scaun<\/p>\n

Vom\u0103, grea\u021b\u0103<\/p>\n

Temperatur\u0103 ridicat\u0103<\/p>\n

Simptomele ischemiei intestinale cronice<\/p>\n

Spasme abdominale care pot dura de la 30 de minute dup\u0103 mas\u0103 la 1 sau 3 ore<\/p>\n

Durere în abdomen care se înr\u0103ut\u0103\u021be\u0219te treptat pentru s\u0103pt\u0103mâni sau luni<\/p>\n

Nemâncat regulat din cauza durerii care urmeaz\u0103 dup\u0103 mas\u0103<\/p>\n

Pierdere neinten\u021bionat\u0103 în greutate<\/p>\n

Diaree<\/p>\n

Boal\u0103 \u0219i vom\u0103<\/p>\n

Umflarea abdomenului<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cauze<\/h2>\n

Când circula\u021bia sângelui c\u0103tre intestine este diminuat\u0103 sau oprit\u0103, apare ischemia intestinal\u0103. Din cauza circula\u021biei sc\u0103zute a sângelui, celulele din sistemul digestiv nu au oxigen, astfel c\u0103 devin slabe \u0219i mor din cauza afect\u0103rii intestinului.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 se împarte în câteva categorii dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n

Ischemia colonului (ischemia colitis)<\/p>\n

Unii factori care pot cre\u0219te riscul ischemiei colonului sunt:<\/p>\n

Ateroscleroza – acumularea de depuneri de gr\u0103sime pe pere\u021bii unei artere<\/p>\n

Hipotensiunea – tensiunea arterial\u0103 foarte sc\u0103zut\u0103 (aferent\u0103 insuficien\u021bei cardiace, opera\u021bie major\u0103, traum\u0103 sau \u0219oc)<\/p>\n

Cheag de sânge în artera care alimenteaz\u0103 colonul<\/p>\n

Obstruc\u021bia intestinului provocat\u0103 de hernie, cicatrizarea \u021besutului sau tumoare<\/p>\n

Alte boli medicale care afecteaz\u0103 sângele, cum ar fi inflamarea vaselor de sânge (vasculit\u0103), lupus sau anemie<\/p>\n

Opera\u021bia care implic\u0103 inima sau vasele de sânge sau sistemele ginecologice sau digestive<\/p>\n

Unele medicamente care afecteaz\u0103 vasele de sânge, cum ar fi medicamentele de inim\u0103, migrene \u0219i hormonale.<\/p>\n

Utilizarea de cocain\u0103 sau metamfetamin\u0103<\/p>\n

Ischemie acuzat\u0103 mezenteric\u0103<\/p>\n

Ischemia acut\u0103 mezenteric\u0103 apare pe nea\u0219teptate afectând intestinul sub\u021bire. Poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 din cauza:<\/p>\n

Unui cheag de sânge care blocheaz\u0103 artera care duce la intestinul sub\u021bire.<\/p>\n

Un blocaj al arterei intestinale care încetine\u0219te sau opre\u0219te circula\u021bia sângelui, deseori având ca rezultat acumularea de depuneri de gr\u0103sime pe peretele arterei (ateroscleroz\u0103)<\/p>\n

Tensiunea arterial\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 din cauza oric\u0103rui tip de \u0219oc, insuficien\u021b\u0103 cardiac\u0103, anumite medicamente sau insuficien\u021b\u0103 cronic\u0103 renal\u0103 (Este mai comun\u0103 la oamenii care sufer\u0103 de alte boli serioase).<\/p>\n

Tromboza venoas\u0103 mezenteric\u0103<\/p>\n

Apare dup\u0103 ce apare un cheag de sânge în ven\u0103. Poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 \u0219i ca rezultatul:<\/p>\n

Unei inflam\u0103ri acute sau cronice a pancreasului (pancreatit\u0103)<\/p>\n

Infec\u021biei abdomenului<\/p>\n

Cancerului sistemului digestive<\/p>\n

Bolilor de intestin<\/p>\n

Unor boli care fac ca sângele s\u0103 coaguleze mai repede<\/p>\n

Traumelor abdominale<\/p>\n

Unor terapii hormonale<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Factori de risc<\/h2>\n

Factorii care pot cre\u0219te riscul sunt:<\/p>\n

Depunerile de gr\u0103simi din artere (ateroscleroz\u0103)<\/p>\n

Tensiune arterial\u0103 (prea ridicat\u0103 sau prea sc\u0103zut\u0103)<\/p>\n

Probleme cardiace (insuficien\u021b\u0103 cardiac\u0103 congestiv\u0103 sau b\u0103t\u0103i neregulate de inim\u0103)<\/p>\n

Medicamente (anticoncep\u021bionale \u0219i terapii care pot cauza extinderea vaselor de sânge cu contractarea acestora, \u0219i unele pastile folosite pentru alergii \u0219i migrene)<\/p>\n

Problemele de coagulare a sângelui<\/p>\n

Utilizarea drogurilor ilegale<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Complica\u021bii<\/h2>\n

Complica\u021biile care pot s\u0103 apar\u0103 sunt:<\/p>\n

Moartea \u021besutului intestinal<\/p>\n

Îngustarea colonului<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Prevenirea<\/h2>\n

Pacientul trebuie s\u0103 acorde aten\u021bie urm\u0103toarele m\u0103suri de prevenire:<\/p>\n

Exerci\u021bii regulate<\/p>\n

Men\u021binerea unei greut\u0103\u021bi s\u0103n\u0103toase printr-o diet\u0103 cu multe fructe, legume \u0219i cereale<\/p>\n

Fumatul interzis<\/p>\n

Controlarea altor probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-70726","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nIschemie intestinal\u0103 - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ischemie intestinal\u0103 - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ischemia intestinal\u0103 apare când arterele intestinelor sunt blocate sau îngustate, diminuând circula\u021bia sângelui. Poate afecta intestinul sub\u021bire, gros sau ambele. Circula\u021bia sângelui diminuat\u0103 poate provoca durere \u0219i afectarea permanent\u0103 a intestinelor. 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