{"id":70685,"date":"2017-05-25T13:28:08","date_gmt":"2017-05-25T13:28:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/degenerescenta-maculara-umeda\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:47:27","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:47:27","slug":"degenerescenta-maculara-umeda","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/diseases\/degenerescenta-maculara-umeda\/","title":{"rendered":"Degenerescen\u021ba macular\u0103 umed\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

Defini\u021bie<\/h2>\n

Degenerescen\u021ba macular\u0103 umed\u0103 este o boal\u0103 de ochi cronic\u0103. Aceasta afecteaz\u0103 macula, care se afl\u0103 în centrul retinei. Macula este de fapt un strat de \u021besut pe peretele din spate al globului ocular. Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 cronic\u0103 de ochi poate duce la pierderea vederii în centrul câmpului vizual. Se produce, în general, din cauza scurgerii de lichide de la vasele de sânge anormale din zona maculei. Degenerescen\u021ba macular\u0103 umed\u0103 este unul dintre cele dou\u0103 tipuri de degenerescen\u021be maculare care exist\u0103. Al doilea tip este degenerescen\u021ba macular\u0103 uscat\u0103. Tipul umed, în general, debuteaz\u0103 ca o degenerescen\u021b\u0103 macular\u0103 uscat\u0103. Nu se \u0219tie exact ce provoac\u0103 degenerescen\u021ba macular\u0103 umed\u0103. Este mai rar decât tipul uscat, dar \u0219i mai sever\u0103, deoarece poate duce la pierderea total\u0103 a vederii în centrul ochiului, care este important\u0103 pentru vederea clar\u0103 \u0219i direct\u0103, de exemplu, prin recunoa\u0219terea formelor \u0219i a fe\u021belor. Un diagnostic precoce este foarte important, deoarece degenerescen\u021ba nu poate fi reversibil\u0103, dar tratamentul adecvat poate ajuta la evitarea pierderii complete a vederii sau poate contribui la îmbun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea vederii.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptome<\/h2>\n

Simptomele degenerescen\u021bei maculare umede apar brusc \u0219i progreseaz\u0103 rapid. Acestea pot fi:<\/p>\n

Vedere central\u0103 inadecvat\u0103<\/p>\n

Înr\u0103ut\u0103\u021birea vederii în prezen\u021ba luminii sau a culorilor intense<\/p>\n

Vedere distorsionat\u0103 (liniile drepte par ondulate sau r\u0103sucite, obiectele par mai mici sau mai mari decât sunt în realitate)<\/p>\n

Înr\u0103ut\u0103\u021birea rapid\u0103 a st\u0103rii dup\u0103 declan\u0219area bolii<\/p>\n

Observarea unui punct precis sau neted în câmpul vizual<\/p>\n

Halucina\u021bii sub form\u0103 de animale sau persoane, în cazurile avansate ale bolii<\/p>\n

Este recomandabil ca pacientul s\u0103 consulte un medic dac\u0103 întâmpin\u0103 dificult\u0103\u021bi în a distinge culorile sau detaliile sau observ\u0103 schimb\u0103ri similare ale vederii, mai ales dup\u0103 vârsta de 50 de ani.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cauze<\/h2>\n

Cauza degenerescen\u021bei maculare umede este necunoscut\u0103. De obicei, evolueaz\u0103 de la degenerescen\u021ba macular\u0103 uscat\u0103. Medicii nu au cum s\u0103 prevad\u0103 ce pacien\u021bi pot dezvolta oricare dintre degenerescen\u021be \u0219i dac\u0103 degenerescen\u021ba macular\u0103 uscat\u0103 va progresa în tipul mai sever, degenerescen\u021ba macular\u0103 umed\u0103.<\/p>\n

Degenerescen\u021ba macular\u0103 umed\u0103 se poate dezvolta atunci când:<\/p>\n

Vasele de sânge anormale care cresc de sub coroid sau în partea macular\u0103 a retinei eman\u0103 lichid sau sânge între coroid \u0219i macul\u0103. Fluidul opre\u0219te func\u021bionarea corect\u0103 a retinei \u0219i duce la vedere înce\u021bo\u0219at\u0103 ceea ce face ca liniile drepte s\u0103 par\u0103 curbate, iar petele goale blocheaz\u0103 o parte a câmpului vizual.<\/p>\n

Scurgerea de lichid se acumuleaz\u0103 uneori între epiteliul pigmentar \u0219i coroana retinei (RPE) \u0219i cauzeaz\u0103 aspectul care arat\u0103 în partea inferioar\u0103 a maculei. Acest lucru poate cauza deta\u0219area RPE.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Factori de risc<\/h2>\n

Factorii care cresc riscul sunt:<\/p>\n

Vârsta – afecteaz\u0103 persoanele cu vârsta peste 50 de ani<\/p>\n

Rasa – este mai frecvent\u0103 la caucazieni<\/p>\n

Antecedente familiale – exist\u0103 un risc mai mare dac\u0103 a existat un caz de degenerescen\u021b\u0103 macular\u0103 în familie<\/p>\n

Fumatul<\/p>\n

Excesul de greutate<\/p>\n

Dieta s\u0103rac\u0103 (lipsit\u0103 de fructe, legume \u0219i alte alimente s\u0103n\u0103toase)<\/p>\n

Tensiune arterial\u0103 crescut\u0103<\/p>\n

Inflama\u0163ie<\/p>\n

Boli cardiovasculare<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tratament<\/h2>\n

Din p\u0103cate, aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune nu poate fi vindecat\u0103, dar dac\u0103 este diagnosticat\u0103 devreme, tratamentul ajut\u0103 la încetinirea progresiei distorsion\u0103rii, precum \u0219i la diminuarea înr\u0103ut\u0103\u021birii vederii.<\/p>\n

Tratamentul poate include medicamente, terapie fotodinamic\u0103 sau fotocoagulare.<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103, de asemenea, mai multe c\u0103i de atac la domiciliu pe care o persoan\u0103 cu degenerescen\u021b\u0103 macular\u0103 umed\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 le ia în considerare ca m\u0103suri ajut\u0103toare:<\/p>\n

Verificarea ochelarilor pentru a fi mereu corespunz\u0103tori<\/p>\n

Utilizarea unor lupe<\/p>\n

Înlocuirea afi\u0219ajelor vizuale cu sisteme audio<\/p>\n

Alegerea unor aparate special concepute pentru vizibilitate redus\u0103<\/p>\n

Alternative pentru c\u0103r\u021bi, de exemplu, tablete sau c\u0103r\u021bi audio<\/p>\n

Lumini mai puternice în cas\u0103<\/p>\n

Aten\u021bie sporit\u0103 la condus sau la utilizarea altor mijloace de deplasare<\/p>\n

Consiliere sau asisten\u021b\u0103 de specialitate<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Profilaxia<\/h2>\n

M\u0103surile preventive care pot ajuta sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n

Verific\u0103ri de rutin\u0103 regulate ale ochelarilor<\/p>\n

Tratarea adecvat\u0103 a tuturor problemelor de s\u0103n\u0103tate<\/p>\n

Renun\u021barea la fumat<\/p>\n

Instituirea unei diete s\u0103n\u0103toase, cu multe fructe, legume, pe\u0219te \u0219i nuci care con\u021bin omega 3<\/p>\n

Exerci\u021bii fizice regulate.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-70685","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nDegenerescen\u021ba macular\u0103 umed\u0103 - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Degenerescen\u021ba macular\u0103 umed\u0103 - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Defini\u021bie Degenerescen\u021ba macular\u0103 umed\u0103 este o boal\u0103 de ochi cronic\u0103. Aceasta afecteaz\u0103 macula, care se afl\u0103 în centrul retinei. Macula este de fapt un strat de \u021besut pe peretele din spate al globului ocular. Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 cronic\u0103 de ochi poate duce la pierderea vederii în centrul câmpului vizual. 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