{"id":70599,"date":"2017-05-17T14:03:16","date_gmt":"2017-05-17T14:03:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/intoxicatie-alimentara\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:46:19","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:46:19","slug":"intoxicatie-alimentara","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/diseases\/intoxicatie-alimentara\/","title":{"rendered":"Intoxica\u021bie alimentar\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Alimentele otr\u0103vitoare sunt o boal\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de consumul de alimente contaminate. Organismele infec\u021bioase (bacterii, viru\u0219i, parazi\u021bi) sau toxinele lor sunt cele mai frecvente cauze ale intoxica\u021biei alimentare.<\/p>\n<p>Organismele infec\u021bioase sau toxinele pot contamina produsele alimentare &icirc;n orice punct de procesare sau produc\u021bie. Contaminarea poate ap\u0103rea, de asemenea, acas\u0103 dac\u0103 alimentele sunt manipulate sau g\u0103tite &icirc;n mod necorespunz\u0103tor.<\/p>\n<p>&Icirc;n general, intoxicarea alimentar\u0103 este u\u0219oar\u0103 \u0219i se rezolv\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 tratament. Cu toate acestea, intoxicarea sever\u0103 a alimentelor poate necesita &icirc;ngrijiri medicale.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"simptome\">Simptome<\/h2>\n<p>Simptomele otr\u0103virii alimentare variaz\u0103 &icirc;n raport cu sursa de contaminare. Cele mai multe tipuri de intoxica\u021bii alimentare provoac\u0103 unul sau mai multe dintre urm\u0103toarele simptome:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Grea\u0163\u0103<\/li>\n<li>V\u0103rs\u0103turi<\/li>\n<li>Dureri abdominale \u0219i crampe<\/li>\n<li>Diaree apoas\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Febr\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Simptomele pot &icirc;ncepe &icirc;n c&acirc;teva ore dup\u0103 consumarea alimentelor contaminate sau pot &icirc;ncepe cu c&acirc;teva zile sau chiar s\u0103pt\u0103m&acirc;ni mai t&acirc;rziu. Boala provocat\u0103 de otr\u0103virea alimentar\u0103 dureaz\u0103 de obicei de la c&acirc;teva ore p&acirc;n\u0103 la c&acirc;teva zile.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"cauze\">Cauze<\/h2>\n<p>Contaminarea produselor alimentare poate avea loc &icirc;n orice moment &icirc;n timpul producerii: cultivarea, recoltarea, prelucrarea, depozitarea, transportul sau preg\u0103tirea. Contaminarea &icirc;ncruci\u0219at\u0103 (transferul de organisme d\u0103un\u0103toare de la o suprafa\u021b\u0103 la alta) este adesea cauza contamin\u0103rii produselor alimentare.<\/p>\n<p>Agen\u021bii bacterieni, virali sau parazi\u021bi pot provoca otr\u0103viri alimentare. Urm\u0103toarele sunt c&acirc;teva dintre posibilele contaminan\u021bi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Campylobacter: cea mai mare parte din carne \u0219i p\u0103s\u0103ri, dar \u0219i ap\u0103 contaminat\u0103 \u0219i lapte nepasteurizat.<\/li>\n<li>Clostridium botulinum: alimente acas\u0103, cu aciditate sc\u0103zut\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Clostridium perfringens: carne, furaje \u0219i gr\u0103simi<\/li>\n<li>Escherichia coli: carne de vit\u0103 contaminat\u0103 sau lapte nepasteurizat, cidru de mere \u0219i ap\u0103 contaminat\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Giardia lamblia: produse crude, gata pentru consum \u0219i ap\u0103 contaminat\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Hepatita A: produse brute, gata pentru consum \u0219i molu\u0219te din apa contaminat\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Listeria: c&acirc;ini calzi, carne la mas\u0103, lapte nepasteurizat \u0219i br&acirc;nzeturi<\/li>\n<li>Norovirusurile: produse crude, gata pentru consum \u0219i scoici din apa contaminat\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Rotavirus: produse crude, gata pentru consum<\/li>\n<li>Salmonella: carne brut\u0103 sau contaminat\u0103, p\u0103s\u0103ri de curte, lapte sau g\u0103lbenu\u0219uri de ou<\/li>\n<li>Shigella: fructe de mare \u0219i produse brute, gata pentru consum<\/li>\n<li>Staphylococcus aureus: carne \u0219i salate preparate, sosuri de sm&acirc;nt&acirc;n\u0103 \u0219i produse de patiserie umplute cu crem\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Vibrio vulnificus: stridii brute \u0219i midii crud sau slab g\u0103tit, scoici \u0219i scoici &icirc;ntregi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"factori-de-risc\">Factori de risc<\/h2>\n<p>Dezvoltarea otr\u0103virii alimentare dup\u0103 ingerarea alimentelor contaminate depinde de organism, de expunerea, de v&acirc;rst\u0103 \u0219i de s\u0103n\u0103tatea general\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Factorii de risc includ<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>V&acirc;rsta &icirc;n cre\u0219tere: v&acirc;rsta &icirc;n cre\u0219tere sl\u0103be\u0219te sistemul imunitar \u0219i &icirc;ncetine\u0219te r\u0103spunsul s\u0103u la organismele infec\u021bioase.<\/p>\n<p>Sarcina: modific\u0103rile metabolismului \u0219i circula\u021biei pot cre\u0219te riscul otr\u0103virii alimentare. Reac\u021bia poate fi mai grav\u0103 &icirc;n timpul sarcinii.<\/p>\n<p>Boala cronic\u0103: diabetul zaharat, boala hepatic\u0103, SIDA sau chimioterapia sau radioterapia, reduce r\u0103spunsul imun.<\/p>\n<p>Sistem imunitar subdezvoltat: la sugari \u0219i copii.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"complicatii\">Complica\u021bii<\/h2>\n<p>Cea mai obi\u0219nuit\u0103 complica\u021bie a otr\u0103virii alimentare este deshidratarea. Adul\u021bii s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i ar trebui s\u0103 poat\u0103 contracara deshidratarea cu suficient lichide.<\/p>\n<p>Sugarii, adul\u021bii &icirc;n v&acirc;rst\u0103 \u0219i persoanele cu sisteme imunitare suprimate sau boli cronice pot deveni sever deshidratate. &Icirc;n astfel de cazuri, spitalizarea poate fi necesar\u0103 pentru a primi fluide intravenoase. &Icirc;n cazuri extreme, deshidratarea poate fi fatal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Unele tipuri de intoxica\u021bii alimentare pot duce la complica\u021bii grave pentru anumi\u021bi oameni. Acestea includ:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Listeria monocytogenes: complica\u021biile de otr\u0103vire cu listerie pot fi cele mai grave pentru un copil nen\u0103scut. La &icirc;nceputul sarcinii, o infec\u021bie cu listerie poate provoca un avort spontan. &Icirc;n timpul sarcinii ulterioare, o infec\u021bie cu listerie poate duce la na\u0219terea unui copil mort, na\u0219tere prematur\u0103 sau o infec\u021bie cu poten\u021bial letal la copil dup\u0103 na\u0219tere.<\/li>\n<li>Escherichia coli: anumite tulpini de E. coli pot provoca o complica\u021bie cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de sindrom hemolitic uremic. Acest sindrom d\u0103uneaz\u0103 mucoasa vaselor sanguine mici &icirc;n rinichi \u0219i, &icirc;n unele cazuri, poate duce la insuficien\u021b\u0103 renal\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"preventie\">Preven\u021bie<\/h2>\n<p>Pentru a preveni intoxica\u021bia cu alimente acas\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sp\u0103la\u0163i frecvent m&acirc;inile, ustensilele \u015fi suprafe\u0163ele alimentare<\/li>\n<li>Separa\u021bi alimentele crude de alimentele gata pentru consum<\/li>\n<li>G\u0103ti\u0163i alimentele la o temperatur\u0103 sigur\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Refrigera\u021bi sau &icirc;nghe\u021ba\u021bi rapid alimentele perisabile<\/li>\n<li>Dezghe\u021ba\u021bi alimentele &icirc;n siguran\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Arunca\u021bi m&acirc;ncarea atunci c&acirc;nd ave\u021bi &icirc;ndoieli<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-70599","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Intoxica\u021bie alimentar\u0103 - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Intoxica\u021bie alimentar\u0103 - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alimentele otr\u0103vitoare sunt o boal\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de consumul de alimente contaminate. 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