{"id":70546,"date":"2017-05-17T13:39:31","date_gmt":"2017-05-17T13:39:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/epilepsia\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:45:31","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:45:31","slug":"epilepsia","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/diseases\/epilepsia\/","title":{"rendered":"Epilepsia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Epilepsia este o tulburare a creierului care provoac\u0103 convulsii sau perioade de comportament neobi\u0219nuit. În timpul unei convulsii, exist\u0103 izbucniri anormale de neuroni (celule din creier), care declan\u0219eaz\u0103 impulsul electric, ceea ce determin\u0103, în schimb, activitatea celulelor nervoase din creier \u0219i din organism s\u0103 devin\u0103 perturbat\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 se comporte ciudat. Cel pu\u021bin dou\u0103 convulsii neprovocate sunt în general necesare pentru diagnosticul epilepsiei. Este necesar\u0103 o aten\u021bie medical\u0103 pentru epilepsie, iar op\u021biunile de tratament includ, de obicei, medicamente sau interven\u021bii chirurgicale.<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 categorii principale de epilepsie:<\/strong><\/p>\n

·       Epilepsia idiopatic\u0103 (sau primar\u0103): nu exist\u0103 o cauz\u0103 evident\u0103 pentru epilepsie, dar poate exista un istoric familial al afec\u021biunii, sugerând c\u0103 aceasta poate fi mo\u0219tenit\u0103<\/p>\n

·       Epilepsie simptomatic\u0103 (sau secundar\u0103): Exist\u0103 o cauz\u0103 cunoscut\u0103 pentru epilepsia unui individ<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptome<\/h2>\n

·       Semnele \u0219i simptomele convulsive pot include:<\/p>\n

·       Confuzie temporar\u0103<\/p>\n

·       Privind în spa\u021biu gol<\/p>\n

·       Scuturarea necontrolabil\u0103 a bra\u021belor \u0219i a picioarelor<\/p>\n

·       Pierderea con\u0219tiin\u021bei<\/p>\n

·       Simptome psihice<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptomele epilepsiei variaz\u0103 în func\u021bie de tipul de convulsii. Medicii clasific\u0103, în general, convulsiile fie focale (parte a creierului sunt afectate), fie generalizate (toate zonele creierului sunt afectate), pe baza modului în care începe activitatea anormal\u0103 a creierului.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Convulsii focale<\/strong><\/p>\n

Focaliz\u0103ri focale f\u0103r\u0103 pierderea con\u0219tien\u021bei (convulsii par\u021biale simple): crize care pot schimba emo\u021biile sau pot schimba perspectiva asupra anumitor lucruri prin aspect, miros, gust sau sunet. Acestea pot duce, de asemenea, la deranjarea anumitor p\u0103r\u021bi ale corpului.<\/p>\n

Focaliz\u0103ri discontinue focale (convulsii par\u021biale complexe): crize care implic\u0103 o schimbare sau pierderea con\u0219tiin\u021bei sau con\u0219tientiz\u0103rii, precum \u0219i performan\u021be ale mi\u0219c\u0103rilor repetitive, cum ar fi frecarea mâinii sau mersul în cercuri.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Convulsii generalizate<\/strong><\/p>\n

Absen\u021ba crizelor: Convulsiile care implic\u0103 starea de a privi în spa\u021biu a face mi\u0219c\u0103ri subtile ale corpului, cum ar fi ochiul care clipe\u0219te în bucl\u0103. Aceste tipuri de convulsii apar cel mai frecvent la copii.<\/p>\n

Tonic convulsii: crize convulsive care provoac\u0103 rigidizarea mu\u0219chilor din spate, bra\u021be \u0219i picioare.<\/p>\n

Convulsii atonice: crize convulsive care implic\u0103 pierderea controlului muscular, ducând la c\u0103deri bru\u0219te sau pr\u0103bu\u0219iri.<\/p>\n

Convulsii clonice: crize convulsive care implic\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103ri repetitive sau mi\u0219c\u0103ri de mi\u0219care. Aceste crize de obicei afecteaz\u0103 gâtul, fa\u021ba \u0219i bra\u021bele.<\/p>\n

Convulsii mioclonice: crize convulsive care implic\u0103 bru\u0219te brusc sau r\u0103sturn\u0103ri ale bra\u021belor \u0219i picioarelor.<\/p>\n

Convulsii tonico-clonice: crize care cauzeaz\u0103 pierderea con\u0219tien\u021bei, rigidizarea mu\u0219chilor, agitarea \u0219i, uneori, pierderea controlului vezicii urinare.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cauze<\/h2>\n

Epilepsia poate începe la orice vârst\u0103; Cu toate acestea, cel mai adesea începe în timpul copil\u0103riei. De\u0219i nu exist\u0103 un motiv specific pentru care un individ dezvolt\u0103 afec\u021biunea, exist\u0103 factori care o asociaz\u0103 cu afectarea creierului. Epilepsia poate fi cauzat\u0103 de:<\/p>\n

·       Condi\u021biile creierului (tumori cerebrale sau accidente vasculare cerebrale)<\/p>\n

·       Traumatisme craniene (Accident auto sau alte leziuni traumatice)<\/p>\n

·       Bolile infec\u021bioase (SIDA, encefalita viral\u0103)<\/p>\n

·       Influen\u021ba genetic\u0103 (crize focale, convulsii generalizate)<\/p>\n

·       Leziuni prenatale (nutri\u021bie slab\u0103, infec\u021bie la mam\u0103, lipsire de oxigen)<\/p>\n

·       Tulbur\u0103ri de dezvoltare (autism, neurofibromatoz\u0103)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Factori de risc<\/h2>\n

Anumi\u021bi factori care sunt asocia\u021bi cu riscul de a dezvolta epilepsie includ:<\/p>\n

·       Vârsta (cea mai frecvent\u0103 în copil\u0103rie \u0219i dup\u0103 vârsta de 60 de ani)<\/p>\n

·       Leziuni la nivelul capului (accident auto sau alte leziuni traumatice)<\/p>\n

·       Convulsiile din copil\u0103rie (declan\u0219ate de febr\u0103 mare)<\/p>\n

·       Accident vascular cerebral \u0219i alte boli ale vaselor sanguine<\/p>\n

·       Infec\u021bii ale creierului (meningit\u0103)<\/p>\n

·       Antecedente familiale de epilepsie<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 Complica\u021bii<\/h2>\n

Complica\u021biile care pot ap\u0103rea în urma epilepsiei includ:<\/p>\n

·       Posibilitatea c\u0103derii \u0219i r\u0103nii capului s\u0103u a oaselor în timpul unui episod<\/p>\n

·       Posibilitatea de înec în timpul înotului sau sc\u0103ld\u0103rii<\/p>\n

·       Accidente de ma\u0219ini (pierderea controlului s\u0103u con\u0219tientizarea)<\/p>\n

·       Probleme psihologice sau comportamentale (depresie, anxietate, sinucidere, dificultate de înv\u0103\u021bare)<\/p>\n

·       Leziuni cerebrale permanente<\/p>\n

·       Sarcina complica\u021bii<\/p>\n

·       Alte complica\u021bii mai severe care pot ap\u0103rea în urma epilepsiei includ urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n

·       Status epilepticus: o activitate convulsiv\u0103 continu\u0103 care dureaz\u0103 mai mult de 5 minute sau care are convulsii recurente<\/p>\n

·       Deces brusc inexplicabil în epilepsie (SUDEP)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 Prevenirea<\/h2>\n

De\u0219i nu exist\u0103 o metod\u0103 cunoscut\u0103 de prevenire a epilepsiei, o diet\u0103 adecvat\u0103, somnul, statul departe de droguri ilegale \u0219i alcool, precum \u0219i echipamentul de protec\u021bie atunci când particip\u0103 la sportul de contact sau alte activit\u0103\u021bi fizice poate ajuta la reducerea posibilit\u0103\u021bii declan\u0219\u0103rii convulsiilor la persoanele care sufer\u0103 de epilepsie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-70546","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nEpilepsia - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Epilepsia - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Epilepsia este o tulburare a creierului care provoac\u0103 convulsii sau perioade de comportament neobi\u0219nuit. 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