{"id":70538,"date":"2017-05-24T21:47:35","date_gmt":"2017-05-24T21:47:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/neuropatia-periferica\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:45:24","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:45:24","slug":"neuropatia-periferica","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/diseases\/neuropatia-periferica\/","title":{"rendered":"Neuropatia periferic\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

Defini\u021bie<\/h2>\n

Neuropatia periferic\u0103 este un grup de afec\u021biuni care duc la deteriorarea nervilor periferici, declan\u0219ând sl\u0103biciune, amor\u021beal\u0103 \u0219i durere la nivelul mâinilor \u0219i picioarelor. Poate afecta \u0219i alte zone ale corpului.<\/p>\n

Sistemul nervos periferic este o re\u021bea de nervi care transmite informa\u021bii din creier \u0219i m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii (sistemul nervos central) c\u0103tre întregul corp. Diabetul zaharat este cea mai frecvent\u0103 cauz\u0103 a neuropatiei periferice, dar exist\u0103 \u0219i al\u021bi factori care pot provoca aceast\u0103 afec\u021biune, printre care leziunile traumatice, infec\u021biile, problemele metabolice, mo\u0219tenirea genetic\u0103 \u0219i expunerea la toxine. Persoanele cu neuropatie periferic\u0103 experimenteaz\u0103, în general, durere severa \u0219i furnic\u0103turi.<\/p>\n

În general, tratamentul se bazeaz\u0103 pe ameliorarea st\u0103rii de baz\u0103 \u0219i administrarea de medicamente pentru a reduce durerea \u0219i pentru a u\u0219ura disconfortul.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptome<\/h2>\n

Deoarece sistemul nervos periferic implic\u0103 diferite tipuri de nervi cu func\u021bie proprie specific\u0103, simptomele depind de tipul de nervii afecta\u021bi. Nervii sunt clasifica\u021bi în:<\/p>\n

· Nervii senzitivi – responsabili de captarea senza\u021biei de pe piele, cum ar fi temperatura, durerea, vibra\u021bia sau atingerea<\/p>\n

· Nervii motorii – responsabili cu controlul modului în care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i se mi\u0219c\u0103 mu\u0219chii<\/p>\n

· Nervii autonomi – responsabili cu controlul func\u021biilor corpului, incluzând tensiunea arterial\u0103, ritmul cardiac, digestia \u0219i vezica urinar\u0103<\/p>\n

Semnele \u0219i simptomele neuropatiei periferice includ:<\/p>\n

· Amor\u021beal\u0103 \u0219i furnic\u0103turi la picioare \u0219i mâini<\/p>\n

· Durere acut\u0103 \u0219i senza\u021bie de arsur\u0103<\/p>\n

· Sensibilitate extrem\u0103 la atingere<\/p>\n

· Pierderea echilibrului \u0219i a coordon\u0103rii<\/p>\n

· Sl\u0103biciune sau paralizie muscular\u0103<\/p>\n

 Dac\u0103 sunt afecta\u021bi nervii autonomi, semnele \u0219i simptomele pot include:<\/p>\n

· Toleran\u021ba sc\u0103zut\u0103 la c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i modific\u0103ri în volumul transpira\u021biei obi\u0219nuite<\/p>\n

· Probleme intestinale, digestive sau ale vezicii biliare<\/p>\n

· Ame\u021beli datorate modific\u0103rilor nivelului tensiunii arteriale<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cauze<\/h2>\n

Exist\u0103 o serie de factori care pot determina neuropatiile, printre care se num\u0103r\u0103:<\/p>\n

· Diabetul<\/p>\n

· Expunerea la substan\u021be chimice toxice<\/p>\n

· Alcoolismul<\/p>\n

· Bolile autoimune<\/p>\n

· Anumite medicamente<\/p>\n

· Infec\u021bii virale sau bacteriene<\/p>\n

· Deficien\u021be vitaminice<\/p>\n

· Traume sau presiuni asupra nervului, cauzate de c\u0103deri sau leziuni în timpul practicarii unor sporturi<\/p>\n

· Tumori<\/p>\n

· Tulbur\u0103ri genetice<\/p>\n

· Tulbur\u0103ri ale m\u0103duvei osoase<\/p>\n

· Alte boli.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Factori de risc<\/h2>\n

Factorii asocia\u021bi cu riscul de a dezvolta neuropatie periferic\u0103 includ:<\/p>\n

· Diabetul zaharat<\/p>\n

· Consumul ridicat de alcool<\/p>\n

· Antecedente familiale de neuropatie periferic\u0103<\/p>\n

· Mi\u0219c\u0103ri repetitive<\/p>\n

· Deficien\u021ba de vitamine<\/p>\n

· Expunerea la toxine chimice<\/p>\n

· Infec\u021bii (boala Lyme, zona zoster (varicela-zoster), virusul Epstein-Barr, hepatita C \u0219i HIV)<\/p>\n

· Boli autoimune (artrita reumatoid\u0103 \u0219i lupus)<\/p>\n

· Tulbur\u0103ri renale, hepatice sau tiroidiene.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Complica\u021bii<\/h2>\n

Complica\u021biile neuropatiei periferice pot include:<\/p>\n

· Arsuri \u0219i traumatisme ale pielii: incapacitatea de a sim\u021bi schimb\u0103rile de temperatur\u0103 sau durerea, cauzat\u0103 de amor\u021beala din anumite zone ale corpului<\/p>\n

· Infec\u021bie.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tratament<\/h2>\n

Op\u021biunile de tratament pentru neuropatia periferic\u0103 implic\u0103, în general, gestionarea st\u0103rii \u0219i ameliorarea simptomelor. Astfel de op\u021biuni de tratament includ:<\/p>\n

· Analgezice: folosirea medicamentelor antiinflamatoare nesteroidiene pentru ameliorarea simptomelor u\u0219oare.<\/p>\n

· Medica\u021bie anti-convulsiv\u0103: utilizarea anumitor medicamente, cum ar fi Gabapentin (Gralise, Neurontin) \u0219i Pregabalin (Lyrica), pentru tratarea epilepsiei \u0219i ameliorarea durerii.<\/p>\n

· Capsaicina: crem\u0103 care con\u021bine substan\u021ba Capsaicina, ce se g\u0103selte natural în ardei iute, poate duce la u\u0219oare amelior\u0103ri ale simptomelor neuropatiei periferice, printre care arsurile \u0219i iritarea pielii.<\/p>\n

· Antidepresive: utilizarea anumitor antidepresive triciclice, cum ar fi amitriptilina, doxepina \u0219i nortriptilina (Pamelor), pentru a ajuta la ameliorarea durerii, prin interferen\u021ba cu procesele chimice din creier \u0219i m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii, care constituie cauza principala a acestei afec\u021biuni.<\/p>\n

 Exist\u0103 mai multe tipuri de terapii \u0219i proceduri care pot fi utilizate pentru a u\u0219ura semnele \u0219i simptomele neuropatiei periferice. Acestea includ:<\/p>\n

· Stimularea nervului electric transcutanat (TENS): o procedur\u0103 care utilizeaz\u0103 electrozi adezivi, ce sunt plasa\u021bi pe piele, pentru a furniza un curent electric u\u0219or  la frecven\u021be variabile.<\/p>\n

· Schimbul de plasm\u0103: un proces care implic\u0103 îndep\u0103rtarea sângelui din organism, pentru a elimina anticorpii \u0219i alte proteine din acesta, înlocuirea lor cu un fluid proteic, numit albumin\u0103 uman\u0103, \u0219i apoi reintroducerea în organism.<\/p>\n

· Imunoglobulin\u0103 intravenoas\u0103: un tip de terapie care implic\u0103 primirea unor niveluri ridicate de aport proteic, care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca anticorpi (imunoglobuline)<\/p>\n

· Fizioterapia: un program care utilizeaz\u0103 exerci\u021bii specifice, menite s\u0103 îmbun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 func\u021bia muscular\u0103<\/p>\n

· Interven\u021bia chirurgical\u0103<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Profilaxia<\/h2>\n

Cea mai bun\u0103 modalitate de a preveni neuropatia periferic\u0103 este gestionarea st\u0103rii medicale subiacente, cum ar fi diabetul, alcoolismul sau artrita reumatoid\u0103. Alegerea unui stil de via\u021b\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tos este, de asemenea, o modalitate foarte bun\u0103 de a preveni apari\u021bia afec\u021biunii. Acest lucru include:<\/p>\n

Alimenta\u021bia s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 \u0219i diversificat\u0103<\/p>\n

Asigurarea aportului optim de substan\u021be nutritive (suplimente cu vitamina B-12)<\/p>\n

Exerci\u021biul fizic regulat<\/p>\n

Evitarea expunerii la substan\u021be chimice toxice<\/p>\n

Renun\u021barea la fumat<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-70538","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nNeuropatia periferic\u0103 - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neuropatia periferic\u0103 - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Defini\u021bie Neuropatia periferic\u0103 este un grup de afec\u021biuni care duc la deteriorarea nervilor periferici, declan\u0219ând sl\u0103biciune, amor\u021beal\u0103 \u0219i durere la nivelul mâinilor \u0219i picioarelor. Poate afecta \u0219i alte zone ale corpului. 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