{"id":70469,"date":"2017-05-23T15:10:50","date_gmt":"2017-05-23T15:10:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/neuromyelitis-optica-2\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T02:44:23","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T02:44:23","slug":"neuromyelitis-optica","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/ro\/diseases\/neuromyelitis-optica\/","title":{"rendered":"Neuromyelitis optica"},"content":{"rendered":"

Defini\u021bie<\/h2>\n

Neuromielita optic\u0103<\/em>, numit\u0103 \u0219i boala Devic, este o afec\u021biune neurologic\u0103 rar\u0103, care afecteaz\u0103 nervii optici \u0219i m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii, conducând la nevrita optic\u0103 \u0219i mielita transvers\u0103. Ea poate afecta pe oricine, dar cazurile de neuromielit\u0103 optic\u0103 le-<\/em>au afectat mai mult pe femei decât pe b\u0103rba\u021bi, \u0219i pe persoanele descendente din Asia \u0219i Africa mai frecvent decât pe caucazieni.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Simptome<\/h2>\n

Simptomele neuromielitei optice<\/em> difer\u0103, de obicei, de la persoan\u0103 la persoan\u0103. Unele dintre cele mai comune simptome sunt:<\/p>\n

Durere ascu\u021bit\u0103, senza\u021bie de arsur\u0103 sau amor\u021beal\u0103 la nivelul nervilor<\/p>\n

Sl\u0103biciune muscular\u0103<\/p>\n

For\u021b\u0103 muscular\u0103 redus\u0103, care poate afecta mobilitatea<\/p>\n

Spasme<\/p>\n

Tonus muscular crescut<\/p>\n

Probleme ale vezicii urinare<\/p>\n

Probleme intestinale<\/p>\n

Probleme sexuale<\/p>\n

Depresie<\/p>\n

Vedere deteriorat\u0103: vedere înce\u021bo\u0219at\u0103, pierderea vederii în culori, orbire<\/p>\n

Grea\u021b\u0103, v\u0103rs\u0103turi \u0219i sughi\u021b (persistent)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cauze<\/h2>\n

Neuromielita optic\u0103<\/em> este o boal\u0103 autoimun\u0103, ceea ce înseamn\u0103 c\u0103 sistemul imunitar nu reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 în mod normal, ci atac\u0103 \u021besuturile \u0219i organele din corp. În caz de neuromielita optic\u0103<\/em>, sistemul imunitar atac\u0103 aquaporina 4. Aquaporina 4 este un anticorp, prezent în sânge la aproximativ 70% dintre persoanele cu neuromielita optic\u0103<\/em>. Anticorpul este o protein\u0103, pe care organismul o produce, în scopul de a distruge organismele \u0219i toxinele purt\u0103toare de boli. Când aquaporina 4 este atacat\u0103, teaca de mielin\u0103 este deteriorat\u0103. Teaca de mielin\u0103 este stratul care înconjoar\u0103 celulele nervoase din creier \u0219i din m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii, \u0219i care protejeaz\u0103 nervii \u0219i ajut\u0103 la transmiterea semnalelor nervoase.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tratament<\/h2>\n

Nu exist\u0103 tratament pentru neuromielita optic\u0103<\/em>. Tratamentul se concentreaz\u0103 pe gestionarea simptomelor, controlul atacurilor \u0219i prevenirea recidivelor. Unele persoane au simptome u\u0219oare, în timp ce altele prezint\u0103 semne \u0219i simptome severe. Cu toate acestea, este bine s\u0103 se înceap\u0103 tratamentul devreme, pentru a se preveni apari\u021bia ulterioar\u0103 sau invaliditatea permanent\u0103. Op\u021biunile de tratament constau, de obicei, în administrarea de medicamente \u0219i aplicarea de tehnici de reabilitare. Medicamentele sunt folosite pentru a trata eventuala durere, pentru a reduce inflama\u021bia de la nivelul nervilor, \u0219i de a stopa sistemul imunitar, în timp ce tehnicile de reabilitare, cum ar fi fizioterapie, sunt folosite pentru a ajuta la cre\u0219terea mobilit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n

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