{"id":82852,"date":"2019-01-30T17:54:47","date_gmt":"2019-01-30T17:54:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/enciclopedia\/diuretiques\/"},"modified":"2019-01-30T17:54:47","modified_gmt":"2019-01-30T17:54:47","slug":"diuretiques","status":"publish","type":"enciclopedia","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/fr\/wiki\/diuretiques\/","title":{"rendered":"Diur\u00e9tiques"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les diur\u00e9tiques sont des m\u00e9dicaments utilis\u00e9s pour stimuler la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion d&#8217;eau et d&#8217;\u00e9lectrolytes par les reins en augmentant la production et l&#8217;excr\u00e9tion d&#8217;urine (diur\u00e8se). Ils sont utilis\u00e9s dans le traitement de l&#8217;hypertension, des \u00e9tats \u0153d\u00e9mateux, en cas d&#8217;hypervolemie et dans les cas o\u00f9 il est n\u00e9cessaire d&#8217;\u00e9liminer rapidement les d\u00e9chets et les substances toxiques du corps.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Selon le m\u00e9canisme d&#8217;action du diur\u00e9tique, ils peuvent \u00eatre divis\u00e9s en six groupes principaux :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Diur\u00e9tiques thiazidiques : inhibant la r\u00e9absorption du sodium et du chlorure dans les tubules r\u00e9naux, entra\u00eenant une augmentation correspondante de l&#8217;excr\u00e9tion du potassium (chlorothiazide et compos\u00e9s de structures similaires tels que chlorthalidone, indapamide, m\u00e9tolazone, et m\u00e9fruside) ;<\/li>\n<li>Les diur\u00e9tiques de l&#8217;anse : ils produisent une diur\u00e8se intense en fonction de la dose de dur\u00e9e relativement courte (furos\u00e9mide, bum\u00e9tanide, acide \u00e9thacrynique) ;<\/li>\n<li>Diur\u00e9tiques qui r\u00e9duisent la perte de potassium (amiloride, triamt\u00e9r\u00e8ne, inhibiteurs de l&#8217;aldost\u00e9rone) ;<\/li>\n<li>Inhibiteurs de l&#8217;anhydrase carbonique : utilis\u00e9s principalement pour r\u00e9duire la pression intraoculaire chez les patients atteints de glaucome (ac\u00e9tazolamide, diclorof\u00e9namide) ;<\/li>\n<li>Diur\u00e9tiques osmotiques : ils sont utilis\u00e9s pour r\u00e9duire ou pr\u00e9venir l&#8217;\u0153d\u00e8me c\u00e9r\u00e9bral et pour r\u00e9duire la pression intraoculaire (mannitol, ur\u00e9e) ;<\/li>\n<li>Les diur\u00e9tiques mercuriels (Mersalyl) : ces m\u00e9dicaments sont aujourd&#8217;hui peu importants d&#8217;un point de vue th\u00e9rapeutique ;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"comment-faut-il-prendre-les-diuretiques\">Comment faut-il prendre les diur\u00e9tiques ?<\/h2>\n<p>Les diur\u00e9tiques sont disponibles dans le commerce sous forme de comprim\u00e9s ou de capsules \u00e0 prendre par voie orale ou sous forme de solutions pour injection.<\/p>\n<p>Les diur\u00e9tiques doivent toujours \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s sous ordonnance et en suivant strictement les instructions d&#8217;un m\u00e9decin concernant la posologie et le mode d&#8217;application. Ne pas agir ainsi peut r\u00e9duire l&#8217;absorption du m\u00e9dicament ou rendre le traitement inutile.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"contre-indications-et-mises-en-garde-associees-a-lutilisation-des-diuretiques\">Contre-indications et mises en garde associ\u00e9es \u00e0 l&#8217;utilisation des diur\u00e9tiques<\/h2>\n<p>Les effets secondaires dus \u00e0 la consommation de diur\u00e9tiques varient selon les m\u00e9dicaments et les doses. Cependant, les effets secondaires les plus courants sont les suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Maux de t\u00eate<\/li>\n<li>Vision trouble<\/li>\n<li>Diarrh\u00e9e<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9tourdissements<\/li>\n<li>Hypotension orthostatique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>De plus, dans certains cas, ces m\u00e9dicaments peuvent causer des effets secondaires potentiellement graves tels que la d\u00e9shydratation ou un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre \u00e9lectrolytique, qui sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s par les sympt\u00f4mes suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Naus\u00e9es ou vomissements<\/li>\n<li>Faiblesse ou fatigue<\/li>\n<li>Pouls faible ou irr\u00e9gulier<\/li>\n<li>Soif accrue<\/li>\n<li>S\u00e9cheresse de la bouche<\/li>\n<li>Crampes musculaires<\/li>\n<li>Modifications de l&#8217;humeur<\/li>\n<li>Confusion mentale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dans de rares cas, les diur\u00e9tiques peuvent causer l&#8217;apparition de sang dans l&#8217;urine ou dans les selles, une susceptibilit\u00e9 accrue aux saignements et\/ou aux \u00e9ruptions cutan\u00e9es.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","Example":[1800],"class_list":["post-82852","enciclopedia","type-enciclopedia","status-publish","hentry","enciclopedia_category-ingredients-actifs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Diur\u00e9tiques - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diur\u00e9tiques - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les diur\u00e9tiques sont des m\u00e9dicaments utilis\u00e9s pour stimuler la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion d&#8217;eau et d&#8217;\u00e9lectrolytes par les reins en augmentant la production et l&#8217;excr\u00e9tion d&#8217;urine (diur\u00e8se). 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