{"id":72491,"date":"2019-01-31T12:16:34","date_gmt":"2019-01-31T12:16:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/humanitasnet-new.local\/malattie\/kyste-pilonidal\/"},"modified":"2025-01-13T03:13:14","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T03:13:14","slug":"kyste-pilonidal","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/humanitas-net.humweb.webiz.team\/fr\/diseases\/kyste-pilonidal\/","title":{"rendered":"Kyste pilonidal"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"definition\">D\u00e9finition<\/h2>\n<p>Un kyste pilonidal est un sac anormal dans la peau qui contient souvent des poils et des d\u00e9bris de peau. Il se produit au bas du coccyx et peut s&#8217;infecter et se remplir de pus. Si un kyste pilonidal s&#8217;infecte, l&#8217;abc\u00e8s ressemble \u00e0 un gros bouton au bas du coccyx et peut causer douleur et inconfort.<\/p>\n<p>Un kyste pilonidal est plus fr\u00e9quent chez les hommes que chez les femmes et se produit habituellement chez les jeunes individus, avec des chances de r\u00e9apparition.<\/p>\n<p>Les options de traitement comprennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une intervention qui consiste \u00e0 drainer le kyste ou \u00e0 l&#8217;enlever chirurgicalement.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"symptomes\">Sympt\u00f4mes<\/h2>\n<p>Une fois infect\u00e9, le terme technique pour un kyste pilonidal est abc\u00e8s pilonidal (masse gonfl\u00e9e). Les signes et sympt\u00f4mes d&#8217;un kyste pilonidal infect\u00e9 incluent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Douleur ou inconfort en position assise ou debout<\/li>\n<li>Gonflement du kyste<\/li>\n<li>Rougeur de la peau<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9coulement de pus<\/li>\n<li>Odeur naus\u00e9abonde de pus qui s&#8217;\u00e9coule<\/li>\n<li>Temp\u00e9rature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"causes\">Causes<\/h2>\n<p>Bien que l&#8217;origine exacte des kystes pilonidaux reste inconnue, ils semblent \u00eatre caus\u00e9s par une combinaison de facteurs tels que :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Poils l\u00e2ches qui p\u00e9n\u00e8trent la peau<\/li>\n<li>Friction (par exemple lors de longues p\u00e9riodes d&#8217;assise ou de conduite en v\u00e9lo).<\/li>\n<li>Modifications hormonales<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pilonidal signifie &#8220;nid de cheveux&#8221;. Lorsqu&#8217;il y a rupture d&#8217;un follicule pileux (la structure \u00e0 partir de laquelle pousse un cheveu), la formation d&#8217;un kyste appara\u00eet autour du follicule rompu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"facteurs-de-risque\">Facteurs de risque<\/h2>\n<p>Les personnes qui restent assises pendant de longues p\u00e9riodes de temps, comme les conducteurs de camion, courent un risque plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper un kyste pilonidal. D&#8217;autres facteurs qui peuvent augmenter le risque de d\u00e9velopper des kystes pilonidaux sont les suivants :<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le surpoids<\/li>\n<li>Inactivit\u00e9 physique<\/li>\n<li>Avoir un exc\u00e8s de poils sur le corps<\/li>\n<li>Avoir une mauvaise hygi\u00e8ne<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"complications\">Complications<\/h2>\n<p>Si un kyste pilonidal infect\u00e9 n&#8217;est pas trait\u00e9 correctement, une complication particuli\u00e8re qui peut survenir est le d\u00e9veloppement d&#8217;un type de cancer de la peau appel\u00e9 carcinome \u00e9pidermo\u00efde.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"traitement\">Traitement<\/h2>\n<p>Les deux principales options de traitement pour un kyste pilonidal infect\u00e9 sont :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Marsupialisation : intervention qui consiste \u00e0 pratiquer une incision, \u00e0 drainer le kyste (ablation du pus et des poils) et \u00e0 coudre les bords du tractus fibreux sur les bords de la plaie pour en faire une poche. Cela permet \u00e0 la plaie de gu\u00e9rir de l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur vers l&#8217;ext\u00e9rieur et de r\u00e9duire le risque de r\u00e9cidive.<\/li>\n<li>Ablation chirurgicale du kyste : intervention chirurgicale qui consiste \u00e0 enlever le kyste et \u00e0 proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la fermeture imm\u00e9diate de la plaie par suture. Cette proc\u00e9dure permet une cicatrisation plus rapide, mais elle augmente les risques de r\u00e9apparition (l&#8217;ablation du kyste entier peut s&#8217;av\u00e9rer difficile).<\/li>\n<li>Quelle que soit l&#8217;option choisie, le soin des plaies est extr\u00eamement vital apr\u00e8s l&#8217;intervention chirurgicale. Les principales \u00e9tapes du r\u00e9tablissement sont les suivantes : Nettoyage de la zone une fois par jour, changement de pansements et rasage autour du site chirurgical. Il est important qu&#8217;une personne suive ces \u00e9tapes particuli\u00e8res afin d&#8217;\u00e9viter que les poils ne p\u00e9n\u00e8trent dans la zone, qu&#8217;ils ne s&#8217;infectent davantage ou ne r\u00e9apparaissent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"prevention\">Pr\u00e9vention<\/h2>\n<p>Quelques recommandations pour aider \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir le d\u00e9veloppement de kystes pilonidaux incluent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Garder la zone affect\u00e9e propre<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9viter de rester assis trop longtemps<\/li>\n<li>Faire de l&#8217;exercice r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement<\/li>\n<li>Perdre du poids si n\u00e9cessaire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le rasage des zones de croissance excessive des poils, afin de r\u00e9duire les risques d&#8217;apparition de kystes pilonidaux<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-72491","disease","type-disease","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kyste pilonidal - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kyste pilonidal - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"D\u00e9finition Un kyste pilonidal est un sac anormal dans la peau qui contient souvent des poils et des d\u00e9bris de peau. 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